Radio Network Optimization

Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)

Prepared By – Bundit Nuto

 Contents of RANOP

•Adaptive Multi Rate Codec

•AMR Algorithm
•Link Adaptation or Codec Mode Adaptation
•Channel Mode Adaptation
•Default parameter (NSN Indonesia)
•Cell Troubleshooting with AMR
•Case : AHMADSYAMSMDMD2, call drop due to TCH_RF_OLD_HO

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 Adaptive Multi Rate Codec

For AMR case, different codec uses different bit rate to encode speech (source
coding). The rest of the gross bit-rate is used for channel protection

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 Channel and speech codec for AMR

In high-error conditions more bits are used for error correction to obtain
error robust coding, while in good transmission conditions a lower
amount of bits is needed for sufficient error protection and more bits can
therefore be allocated for source coding
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AMR Algorithm

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Codec Mode Adaptation

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Procedure of Codec Mode Adaptation

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 Channel Mode Adaptation

•Channel Mode Adaptation is an HO Algorithm to switch of AMR-FR and AMR-

HR based on load and quality.
•The process when AMR-FR handover to AMR-HR, we call “PACK”.
•The process when AMR-HR handover to AMR-FR, we call “UNPACK”.

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 Packing from AMR-FR to AMR-HR (1/2)

•Spontaneous Packing of AMR FR to AMR HR call is triggered when

•free full rate resources reduces below the value of the parameter
btsLoadDepTCHRateLower (HRL) or btsSpLoadDepTCHRateLower (FRL)
•HRL is a BSC level parameter
•FRL is a BTS level parameter, once defined, it can overwrite HRL
•AND FR calls which quality is above the amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual
(IHRF) for both UL and DL
•AND they are using the least robust codec mode for both UL and DL
•amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual, Px, Nx: the parameter compares the
averaged values of signal quality downlink and uplink
measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for a
AMR FR call in order to switch it to a AMR HR call
–amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual : Threshold level for a intra-cell
handover process.
–Px: The Px parameter of Threshold qual uplink Rx qual(QUR) is
used.
–Nx: The Nx parameter of Threshold qual uplink Rx qual(QUR) is
used.
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 Packing from AMR-FR to AMR-HR (2/2)

•Packing happens to permanent HR channels

•Packing happens to DR channels which half has been occupied
•Packing happens when there are even number of FR calls to DR
channels.
•AND BSC has received used codec information in the latest
Measurement Result message (when UL DTX is on, BTS does not
send this information)
•Packing continues until the number of free full rate resources increases
above the value of the parameter btsLoadDepTCHRateUpper (HRU)or
btsSpLoadDepTCHRateUpper(FRU)
•HRU is a BSC level parameter
•FRU is a BTS level parameter, once defined, it can overwrite HRU
•Queuing is not allowed for packing procedure

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 Unpacking from AMR-HR to AMR-FR

•Spontaneous unpacking of AMR HR calls to AMR FR calls is triggered

when the quality of a AMR HR call degrades below the
amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual (IHRH) for either UL or DL
•amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual (IHRH), Px, Nx. The parameter compares the
averaged values of signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for
tringgeringthe intra-cell handover process for a AMR HR call in order to
switch it to a AMR FR call
•amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual (IHRH) : Threshold level for intra-cell
handover process.
•Px: The Pxparameter of Threshold qual uplink Rx qual(QUR) is used
•Nx: The Nxparameter of Threshold qual uplink Rx qual(QUR) is used
•Queuing is allowed for unpacking procedure

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 Default AMR parameter
These default values are provided by NSN Indonesia for Telkomsel.

Parameter name Value Parameter name Value

amrConfFrCodecModeSet 149 amrConfHrThreshold2 34
amrConfFrHysteresis1 2 amrConfHrThreshold3 0
amrConfFrHysteresis2 2 amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual 2
amrConfFrHysteresis3 2 amrHoFrThrDlRxQual 5
amrConfFrInitCodecMode 0 amrHoFrThrUlRxQual 5
amrConfFrStartMode 0 amrHoHrSupReuBadCiThr 10
amrConfFrThreshold1 18 amrHoHrSupReuGoodCiThr 17
amrConfFrThreshold2 24 amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual 4
amrConfFrThreshold3 32 amrHoHrThrDlRxQual 5
amrConfHrCodecModeSet 21 amrHoHrThrUlRxQual 5
amrHoFrSupReuBadCiThr 10 amrPocFrPcLThrDlRxQual 3
amrHoFrSupReuGoodCiThr 17 amrPocFrPcLThrUlRxQual 3
amrConfHrHysteresis1 2 amrPocFrPcUThrDlRxQual 1
amrConfHrHysteresis2 2 amrPocFrPcUThrUlRxQual 1
amrConfHrHysteresis3 0 amrPocHrPcLThrDlRxQual 3
amrConfHrInitCodecMode 0 amrPocHrPcLThrUlRxQual 3
amrConfHrStartMode 0 amrPocHrPcUThrDlRxQual 1
amrConfHrThreshold1 28 amrPocHrPcUThrUlRxQual 1

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Cell Troubleshooting with AMR

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Case1 : Call drop due to TCH_RF_OLD_HO
AHMADSYAMSMDMD2 experienced with high CDR.

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 TCH Failures

We can analyze drop call by using ND report 204 to find the dominant cause of
drop call
TCH failures
============
TCH drop call ratio after TCH seizure
. before re-establisment....................../dcr_31a 2.87 %
. TCH_RADIO_FAIL............................../c1013 195 ( 1.01 %)
. TCH_ABIS_FAIL_CALL........................../c1084 43 ( 0.22 %)
. TCH_A_IF_FAIL_CALL........................../c1087 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_TR_FAIL................................./c1029 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_USER_ACT................................/c1048 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_BCSU_RESET............................../c1049 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_NETW_ACT................................/c1050 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_ACT_FAIL_CALL.........................../c1081 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_BTS_FAIL................................/c1047 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_LAPD_FAIL.............................../c1046 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_RF_OLD_HO.......(HO drop).............../c1014 314 ( 1.63 %)
. TCH_ABIS_FAIL_OLD...(HO drop).............../c1085 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_A_IF_FAIL_OLD...(HO drop).............../c1088 0 ( 0.00 %)
. TCH_TR_FAIL_OLD.....(HO drop).............../c1030 0 ( 0.00 %)
. after re-establisment......................./dcr_32a 2.87 %

Obviously, we notice TCH failure happens during handover with cause

TCH_RF_OLD_HO.

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 Handover

With ND Report 204, we can further analyze for cause of handover failure till
drop call.
HANDOVERS
=========
Intra cell HO attempts ......................./ho_24 10467
. Successes ................................./ho_27 10213 ( 97.57 %)
. Failures ................................../hof_9b 254 ( 2.43 %)
. Intra cell ho not allowed .............../c4036 0 ( 0.00 %)
. Blocked ................................./c4019 0 ( 0.00 %)
. Return to old .........................../c4022 102 ( 0.97 %)
. MS lost .(drop call)...................../c4020 135 ( 1.29 %)
. Radio chn.act.failure .................../c4021 0 ( 0.00 %)
. Call clear ............................../c4039 17 ( 0.16 %)
. Wrong Aif circuit type ................../c4098 0 ( 0.00 %)

. Drop calls ................................/c4085 135 ( 1.29 %)

The report shown a number of drop calls as high as 135 times and also the
intra-cell handover attempt is high.

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 Intra-cell Handover failure

Based on the result as drop call was caused by intra-cell handover but we can
further analyze triggering point of intra-cell handover as per ND 204.
Causes:
UL quality...................................../c4023 3590 ( 6.13 %)
UL level......................................./c4024 7048 ( 12.04 %)
DL quality...................................../c4025 4474 ( 7.64 %)
DL level......................................./c4026 7507 ( 12.82 %)
Distance ....................................../c4027 0 ( 0.00 %)
MSC invocation (traffic reason) .............../c4028 0 ( 0.00 %)
UL interference .............................../c4029 134 ( 0.23 %)
DL interference .............................../c4030 1723 ( 2.94 %)
Umbrella ....................................../c4031 0 ( 0.00 %)
Pbdgt ........................................./c4032 33277 ( 56.83 %)
OMC (forced by user) ........................../c4033 0 ( 0.00 %)
Directed retry ................................/c4079 0 ( 0.00 %)
Pre-emption .................................../c4086 0 ( 0.00 %) You can see intra-cell HO
Rapid field drop ............................../c4087 0 ( 0.00 %)
Low distance ................................../c4088 0 ( 0.00 %) attempts are 10,467 times
Bad CI ......................................../c4089 0 ( 0.00 %)
Good CI ......................................./c4090
Aif circuit type change (S5).................../c4099
0
0
(
(
0.00
0.00
%)
%)
but a total number of intra-
Slow moving MS (S5) .........................../c4091
MS slow speed (S6) ............................/c4105
0
0
(
(
0.00
0.00
%)
%)
cell triggered by UL,DL
MS high speed (S6) ............................/c4106 0 ( 0.00 %)
Bad rxlev on super (S7)......................../c4109 0 ( 0.00 %) interference and GPRS is
Good rxlev on reg (S7)........................./c4110 0 ( 0.00 %)
Direct access (S7)............................./c4128 0 ( 0.00 %) just 2,655 times.
Enhanced rapid field drop (S7)................./c4111 0 ( 0.00 %)
BSC controlled TRHO (S8)......................./c4035 0 ( 0.00 %)
DADLB (S8)...................................../c4129 0 ( 0.00 %)
GPRS (S9)....................................../c4130 798 ( 1.36 %)
HSCSD (S10)..................................../c4141 0 ( 0.00 %)

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 Parameter modification (1/2)

In this case, we realize the intra-cell handover is triggered by pack-unpack

algorithm of AMR. We start checking AMR related parameters.

btsSpLoadDepTchRateLower 70
btsSpLoadDepTchRateUpper 90
amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual 2 IHRF
amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual 7 IHRH

From the parameter setting, we figure out according to FRL is set at 70% and
FRU at 90%. By this parameter setting, we can expect that almost all of the
calls are allocated to AMR-HR Codec. as well as IHRF is set at 2 and IHRH at
7. It means call will be allowed handover to AMR-FR when AMR-HR quality
reach 7 (that’s been very bad coverage already) and might drop call during
handover.

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 Parameter modification (2/2)

After checking with traffic load, we decide to modify those two parameter to
reduce a number of intra-cell handovers due to unpack.
Old New

btsSpLoadDepTchRateLower

btsSpLoadDepTchRateLower
btsSpLoadDepTchRateUpper

btsSpLoadDepTchRateUpper
amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual

amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual
amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual

amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual
bscName

btsName
bscId
bcfId
btsId

CICALENGKA_HC 213325 1 2 AHMADSYAMSMDMD270 90 2 7 30 70 0 5

* Make sure that after modifying parameter BTS still has enough capacity to
carry traffic so that TCH blocking might occur after that.

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 Handover (after)

After parameter modification, we significantly notice that the number of intra-

cell handover is reduced and drop calls as well.

Intra cell HO attempts ......................./ho_24 6204

. Successes ................................./ho_27 6137 ( 98.92 %)
. Failures ................................../hof_9b 67 ( 1.08 %)
. Intra cell ho not allowed .............../c4036 0 ( 0.00 %)
. Blocked ................................./c4019 0 ( 0.00 %)
. Return to old .........................../c4022 31 ( 0.50 %)
. MS lost .(drop call)...................../c4020 30 ( 0.48 %)
. Radio chn.act.failure .................../c4021 0 ( 0.00 %)
. Call clear ............................../c4039 6 ( 0.10 %)
. Wrong Aif circuit type ................../c4098 0 ( 0.00 %)

. Drop calls ................................/c4085 30 ( 0.48 %)

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tch drop%

08/10/2008 00:00
AHMADSYAMSMDMD2

15/10/2008 00:00

22/10/2008 00:00

29/10/2008 00:00
Call drop rate (after)

05/11/2008 00:00

12/11/2008 00:00
Call drop rate was reduced effectively by change of parameters.
CR was

8-Oct-08

19/11/2008 00:00

26/11/2008 00:00
implemented on
Thank You!

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