Chapter 2 1

Chapter 2 2
Example

Chapter 2 3
Chapter 2 4
EXAMPLE

Chapter 2 5
Solution

Chapter 2 6
Chapter 2 7
Chapter 2 8
Method for solving First Order

Differential Equations

Chapter 2 9
 M e th o d s

Variable Se parable
Re d ucible t o variable s e parable
Exact Diffe re nt ial Equat io n
Int e grat ing Fact o r
 Separable Variable
Chapter 2
Differential Equation

x is independent variable and y is dependent variable

or or

are separable forms of the differential equation

Variable Separable

General solution can be solved by directly integrating both the sides

+c Where c is constant of integration

DO YOU REMEMBER INTEGRATION

FORMULA? Chapter 2 11
 Separation of Variables
Chapter 2

Definition A differential equation of the type y’ = f(x)g(y) is separable.

Differential Equation

x
Example y   xy and y   are separable
y
xy
but y   is not separable.
xy
Separable differential equations can often be solved with direct integration. This
may lead to an equation which defines the solution implicitly rather than directly.
Variable Separable

Example y 
x   ydy   xdx
y
y 2 x2
   C1  y 2  x 2  C
2 2
 Variable Separable Differential Equation Chapter 2

EXAMPLE:

Chapter 2
13
 Variable Separable Differential Equation Chapter 2
EXAMPLE:

Chapter 2
14
Chapter 2

To find the particular solution, we apply the given initial

condition, when x =1, y = 3
Differential Equation
Variable Separable

is solution of initial value problem

Chapter 2 15
 Variable Separable Differential Equation Chapter 2

Chapter 2
16
 Variable Separable Differential Equation Chapter 2

Chapter 2
17
Note1: If we have 2 y  ln ydy  2xdx
 2 y  ln y dy   2 xdx  ln ydy  y ln y  y
Integrating by parts

y 2   y ln y  y   x 2  c

2 y  ye dy  2xdx
  
y
y y y
Integrating by parts
ye dy ye e
 2 y  ye dy    2 xdx
Note.2. If we have y

y  ye  e   x  c
2 y y 2

2 y  sin y dy  2 xdx

Note.3. If we have
1

 2 y  sin y dy   2 xdx

1  sin 1 ydy  y sin 1 y  1  y 2

y  y sin
2
 1
y  1 y 2
Chapter 2
 x 2
c
18
 Variable Separable Differential Equation Chapter 2

Chapter 2
19
Chapter 2 20
Chapter 2 21