Rizal in Spain, France

and Germany
Subtitle
Rizal’s Departure

Itinerary

Rizal in Barcelona

El Amor Patrio

Rizal in Madrid

Filipino Expatriates

Masonry

Consuelo

Toast to Luna and Hidalgo

Dona Teodora’s Reactions

Why did Rizal leave the Philippines?
• To complete his medical studies in Europe
• Hidden purposes?
–To make a name for himself in the field of journalism
–To observe and study European society
–To prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos
from Spanish tyranny
(Paciano’s letter to Rizal dated May 26, 1882)
Rizal’s Departure
• Left Calamba on May 1, 1882
• Only Paciano, Saturnina and Antonio Rivera and few
friends knew about it.
• Why was it kept a secret?
–To avoid detection by Spanish authorities, especially the
friars.
–Paciano secured his passport with the name Jose
Mercado
Itinerary

- Manila-Singapore (Salvadora)

- Singapore-Naples (Djemnah)

- Naples-Marseilles
- Marseilles-Barcelona

- Rizal was welcomed by the Filipinos

- Wrote his family, relatives and friends in the Phil.
- Paciano believed that he would able to express his nationalistic
sentiment (Guerrero, 1998)
EL AMOR PATRIO
DIARONG
TAGALOG
Significance of EL AMOR PATRIO
• First nationalistic essay urging the Filipinos to love their
motherland
• Loving one’s country was the greatest, heroic and sublime
sentiment a person can have
• Challenges the Filipinos to sacrifice for the welfare of the
country
• Sacrifice their youth, pleasures, genius and life.
• Filipinos should not fear losing their lives in order to
attain LIBERTY and GLORY.
After submitting two more articles, he stopped… WHY?

- His mother opposed

- It was difficult to be recognize in a foreign

country.

- He wanted to finish his studies.

Rizal in Madrid
• Enrolled in Philosophy and Letters as well as licentiate in medicine at the Universidad
Central de Madrid.
• Took lessons in painting and sculpture; fencing; English, French and German.
• Took the medical examination and passed; passed the Greek, Latin and world history
• Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Medicine
• Continued his doctorate degree in medicine but was not conferred the diploma
because he was not able to pay the fee for the presentation and defense of his thesis
• Aslo completed the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
• Completed the half of Noli Me Tangere
CONSUELO
ORTEGA
Meeting with the Future Reformists: The Circulo Hispano-Filipino

• He met Pedro Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Gregorio Sanciano, Juan

Luna, Felix Hidalgo, Marcelo del Pilar.
• Joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino
–A social conglomeration which held informal programs such as
poetry reading and debates.
–Wrote the poem Me Piden Versos (They ask Me for Verses)
• Politics became part of the discussion centering on the need for reforms
in the Philippines.
• However, conservative elements distanced themselves from the group
which eventually faded away.
Entry into the Freemasonry
• Many of the liberal and republican-minded people that he met and
became friends with, were masons.
• Was impressed by the mason’s outlook in life and adopted their
view that knowledge should be received by the light of reason and
the universal brotherhood of men.
• Entered the Freemasonry in 1883 through the Lodge Acacia
• Dimasalang (ungraspable); masonic name
• Became master mason at the Lodge Solidaridad on Nov. 15, 1890
• Became master mason at the Le Grand Orient France on Feb. 15, 1892
Freemasonry
Brindis (The Speech)
• Juan Luna and Felix R. Hidalgo won in the 1884 Madrid
Exposition.
• Luna was awarded a gold medal for his painting the
Spolarium.
• Hidalgo was awarded a silver medal for his entry,
Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace.
• A banquet was tendered in honor of the two with Rizal
delivering the keynote speech.
Spolarium Christian Virgins Exposed to the
Populace.
Significance of the Speech
For the first time, they heard • Stressed the idea that anyone can be genius
a young Filipino delivering a regardless of race.
speech fluently in the • Both are products of Philippines and Spain and
Castillian language. their works united both races.

• Stressed that Luna and Hidlago’s painting were

reflections of the reality of politics, society and
moral life of the Filipinos under the Spaniards.
Direct attack and
• Showed humanity in severe ordeal, humanity
challenged to the Spanish
unredeemed, and reason and idealism in an open
Regime
struggle with fanaticism and injustice.
• Indirectly called for the institutions of reforms in
the Philippine society.
Reactions to the Speech
• Rizal’s speech was mentioned in the newspaper El Liberal,
plus the fact that it was covered by the Madrid Press.
• His mother became ill because the son became the talk of
the town.
• Dona Teodora warned him to stop because it will offend
the friars and the Spaniards.
• She told him not to fail in his Christian duties and to stop
pursuing studies that might lead to his downfall (Letter to
Rizal, Dec. 11, 1884).
Rizal in France and Germany
After finishing his
studies in Madrid,
• to specialize in ophthalmology
he decided to
• To cure the ailment of his mother
move to France
and Germany.

Rizal worked as an •Actual performance of eye operation

assistant of Dr. de •Recent studies on the eye ailment
Wecker. •Various techniques of eye operation
Rizal became
constant visitor of
Hidalgo, de
Tavera, and Luna
He stayed with Juan
Luna’s studio in Paris.
Paintings of Juan Luna
The Blood Compact (Sikatuna) Death of Cleopatra (priest)
• He worked at the eye hospital of the University of
Heidelberg under Dr. Otto Becker.
• Rizal sent his first letter with Ferdiand Blummentritt on
July 31, 1886.
–Interest in ethnology and Philippine languages
–Beginning of the communication
–Beginning of friendship
• Rizal went to Berlin on Nov. 1, 1886.
– To enhance his knowledge of ophthalmology
– To supplement his studies of languages and sciences
– To study and observe political and economic conditions of Germany
– To join the circle of German scientists and scholars
– Complete and publish Noli
• Met Dr. Feodor Jagor, author of Travels in the Philippines
– Predicted the collapse of Spanish Regime in the Philippines
– Prophesied the coming of the Americans into the Philippines
• Experience of poverty
– Paciano was not able to send money
– Pawned the diamond ring given by Saturnina
– Sold his books
– He got sick
– Thought of burning the manuscripts of his novel