Bell Ringer

Identify the independent and dependent variable in

each of the scenarios below.
1. The temperature of the water was measured at
different depths of the lake.
2. The amount of time you study will make a positive
difference on your next test score.
Safety Quiz
• Put phones and headphones away.
• Clear desk except for something to write with.
Scientific Method
Nancy baked a cake for her mother's birthday.
When the cake was taken from the oven, Nancy
noticed that the cake had not risen. She guessed
that the oven had not heated to the correct
temperature. She set up the following experiment
to test her hypothesis.
Scientific Method
1. What was Nancy's problem? [The problem
should be stated as a question.]

2. What was Nancy's hypothesis? [This is an if/then

answer to your problem question.]
 Scientific Method
First, Nancy put a thermometer in the oven. She
then turned the oven dial to 375 oF. She noticed that
the preheating light came on when she turned the
oven on. She waited until the preheating light went
out, indicating that the oven was up to the specified
temperature. Nancy then read the thermometer she
had placed inside the oven. It read 375 OF. Nancy
concluded that the oven was heating properly.
Scientific Method
3. What is the independent and dependent variable? [Independent
variable: a condition changed by the scientist; dependent variable: the
change measured in the experiment]
4. What was Nancy's conclusion? [This states whether your hypothesis
was supported or refuted.]
5. Which step in the scientific method do you think Nancy should do
next? Explain your reasoning.
6. List two other hypotheses which might explain why the cake did not
rise.
 Length

Length is measured in
• units of meters (m) in both the metric and
SI systems
• units of centimeters (cm) by chemists

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Volume

Volume, the space occupied by a substance,

• is measured using units of m3 in the SI system
• is commonly measured in liters (L) and
milliliters (mL) by chemists

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Mass

The mass of an object, a

measure of the quantity of
material it contains,
• is measured on an
electronic balance
• has the SI unit of
kilogram (kg)
• is often measured by
chemists in grams (g)
 Temperature

Temperature, a measure of how hot

or cold an object feels,
• is measured on the
Celsius (ºC) scale
• is measured on the
Kelvin (K) scale in the
SI system
• is 18 ºC or 64 ºF on this
thermometer
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Learning Check

For each of the following, indicate whether the unit

describes
(1) length, (2) mass, or (3) volume

A. A bag of onions has a mass of 2.6 kg.

B. A person is 2.0 m tall.
C. A medication contains 0.50 g of aspirin.
D. A bottle contains 1.5 L of water.
 Reporting Length – 4.5 cm

• The end of the object is between the 4-cm and

5-cm marks.
• Estimate that the end is halfway between the
4-cm and 5-cm marks and report the value as
4.5 cm.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Reporting Length – 4.55 cm

• The metric ruler is marked at every 0.1 cm.

• You can now estimate that the length is
halfway between the 4.5-cm and 4.6-cm marks
and report the value as 4.55 cm.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Reporting Length – 3.0 cm

• The end of the object lines up with the

3-cm mark.
• Because the divisions are marked in units of
1 cm, the estimated digit appears in the tenths
place (0.1 cm).

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Learning Check

. l8. . . . l . . . . l9. . . . l . . . . l10. . cm

What is the length of the red line?

(1) 9.0 cm
(2) 9.03 cm
(3) 9.04 cm

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Solution

. l8. . . . l . . . . l9. . . . l . . . . l10. . cm

The length of the line could be reported as

(2) 9.03 cm
(3) 9.04 cm
The estimated digit may be slightly different.
Both readings are acceptable.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

How do you read measurements from these
instruments?
 Learning Check

• How many minutes are in 2.5 h?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Solution

How many minutes are in 2.5 h?

Step 3 State the equalities and conversion
factors.
1 h = 60 min
Step 4 Set up the problem to cancel units
and calculate.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Sample Problem

How many minutes are in 1.4 days?

Step 4 Set up problem, cancel units.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Exit Ticket
• Design your own experiment. State the problem
then identify the independent and dependent
variables.