BSN 118-69

• Fertility rates (Crude Birth Rate, General

Fertility Rate)
• Morbidity Rates- (Incidence Rate, Prevalence
Rate)
• Mortality Rates- (Crude death Rate, Mortality
Rate, infant and maternal rates)
• Population pyramid- (China, Philippines,
Japan, USA)
• Causes of mortality
• Causes of morbidity
• Demography as to life expectancy and gender
ratio
TEN LEADING (10) LEADING CAUSES
of Mortality

Number and rate/100,000

Population Philippines
5-Year Average (2000-2004) & 2005
 5 Year Average 
2005*
Cause (2000-2004)
Number  Rate No. Rate

1. Diseases of the Heart 66,412 83.3 77,060 90.4

2. Diseases of the Vascular system 50,886 63.9 54,372 63.8

3. Malignant Neoplasm 38,578 48.4 41,697 48.9

4. Pneumonia 32,989 41.4 36,510 42.8

5. Accidents 33,455 42.0 33,327 39.1

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 27,211 34.2 26,588 31.2

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 18,015 22.6 20,951 24.6

8.Diabetes Mellitus 13,584 17.0 18,441 21.6

9. Certain conditions originating in the
14,477 18.2 12,368 14.5
perinatal period
10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and
9.166 11.5 11,056 3.6
nephrosis
 INFANT MORTALITY
Ten (10) Leading Causes
Number & Rate/1000 Livebirths &
Percentage Distribution
Philippines, 2005
 Cause Number Rate Percent
14.6
1. Bacterial sepsis of newborn 3,161 1.9
2. Respiratory distress of newborn 2,298 1.4 10.6

3. Pneumonia 2,013 1.2 9.3

4. Disorders related to short gestation and low 1,610 1.0 7.4

birth weight, not elsewhere classified
5. Congenital Pneumonia 0.9 7.0
1,510
1,444 0.9 6.7
6. Congenital malformation of the heart
1,146 0.7 5.3
7. Neonatal aspiration syndrome
1,012 0.6 4.7
8. Other congenital malformation
9. Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 971 0.6 4.5

10.Diarrhea and gastro-enterities of presumed 900 0.5 4.2

infectious origin
 Infant Mortality Rate
• Infant mortality rate: total: 20.56
deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2009
est.)
Year Infant Mortality Date of
Rate Information
2003 24.98 2003 est.
2004 23.51 2004 est.
2005 23.51 2005 est.
2006 22.81 2006 est.
2007 22.12 2007 est.
2008 21.2 2008 est.
2009 20.56 2009 est.
• This entry gives the number of deaths of
infants under one year old in a given year per
1,000 live births in the same year; included is
the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male
and female. This rate is often used as an
indicator of the level of health in a country.
• Source: http://www.indexmundi.com/
 Maternal Mortality
• Maternal Mortality Rate: total: 137.7
deaths/100,000 live births
Year Maternal Date of
Mortality Information
Rate
2000 123.5 2000 est.
2001 132.5 2001 est.
2002 138.3 2002 est.
2003 138.4 2003 est.
2004 137.7 2004 est.
• Maternal death refers to the death of a woman while
pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy,
irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy,
from any cause related to or aggravated by the
pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or
incidental causes. This rate is often used as an indicator
of the quality of health care system in the country.
• Source: http://www.census.gov.ph/
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/
TEN LEADING (10) CAUSES OF
MORTALITY AMONG MALES 

Number and Rate/100,000

Population
Philippines, 2005
 Cause No. Rate
1. Diseases of the Heart 43,809 102.1

2. Diseases of the Vascular system 30,531 71.2

3. Accidents 27,281 63.6

4. Malignant Neoplasms 21,993 51.3

5. Tuberculosis, all forms 18,229 42.5

6. Pneumonia 18,145 42.3

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 14,450 33.7

8. Diabetes Mellitus 8,912 20.8

9. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 7,385 17.2

10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 6,548 15.3

TEN LEADING (10) CAUSES OF
MORTALITY AMONG FEMALES 
Number and Rate/100,000
Population
Philippines, 2005
 Cause No. Rate
1. Diseases of the Heart 33,251 78.5

2. Diseases of the Vascular system 23,841 56.3

3. Malignant Neoplasms 19,704 46.5

4. Pneumonia 18,365 43.3

5. Diabetes Mellitus 9,529 22.5

6. Tuberculosis, All Forms 8,359 19.7

7. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 6,501 15.3

8. Accidents 6,046 14.3

9. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 4,983 11.8

10. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 4,508 10.6

MORTALITY: TEN LEADING CAUSES BY
SEX

Number, Rate/100,000 Population

and Percent Distribution
Philippines, 2004
 Both Sexes
Cause Male Female
Number Rate Percent*

1. Heart Diseases 40,361 30,500 70,861 84.8 17.6

2. Vascular System Diseases 28,930 22,750 51,680 61.8 12.8
3. Malignant Neoplasm 21,395 19,129 40,524 48.5 10.1
4. Accidents** 28,041 6,442 34,483 41.3 8.6
5. Pneumonia 15,822 16,276 32,098 38.4 8.0

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 17,841 8,029 25,870 31.0 6.4

7. Ill-defined and unknown causes of
10,916 10,362 21,278 25.5 5.3
mortality
8. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 13,084 5,891 18,975 22.7 4.7

9. Diabetes Mellitus 7,970 8,582 16,552 19.8 4.1

10. Certain conditions originating in

7,809 5,371 13,180 15.8 3.6
the perinatal period
Causes of Morbidity
 Mortality Rate
• Death rate: 5.1 deaths/1,000 population (July
2009 est.)
Year Death Rate Date of
Information
2003 5.6 2003 est.
2004 5.47 2004 est.
2005 5.47 2005 est.
2006 5.41 2006 est.
2007 5.36 2007 est.
2008 5.15 2008 est.
2009 5.1 July 2009
est.
• This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during
a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude
death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the
mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the
current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator
is significantly affected by age distribution, and most
countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate,
in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as
declining fertility results in an aging population.
• Source: http://www.indexmundi.com/
 Morbidity rate 
an inexact term that can mean either the incidence
rate or the prevalence rate.
Etymology: L, morbidus, diseased, ratum, calculation
the number of cases of a particular disease occurring
in a single year per a specified population unit, as x
cases per 1000. It also may be calculated on the basis
of age groups, sex, occupation, or other population
unit.
 Incidence rate 
the probability of developing a particular
disease during a given period of time; the
numerator is the number of new cases during
the specified time period and the
denominator is the population at risk during
the period.
• Incidence Rate =
[Number of new cases of disease
developing from a period of time /
Population at risk ] x F
 Prevalence rate
 
the number of people in a population who
have a disease at a given time: the numerator
is the number of existing cases of disease at a
specified time and the denominator is the
total population.
• Prevalence Rate=
[number of old and new cases of
a disease/ population examined]
xF
 Population Pyramids
• A population pyramid, also called age-sex
pyramid and age structure diagram, is a
graphical illustration that shows the
distribution of various age groups in
a population (typically that of a country or
region of the world), which normally forms
the shape of a pyramid.
 China population statistics
Current China's population is 1,313,973,713 (2006 est.) . By the late
2010s, China's population is expected to reach 1.4 billion. Around
2030, China's population is anticipated to peak and then slowly start
dropping.

China's capital city is Beijing, Beijing is China's second largest city in

terms of population, after Shanghai. The population of the Shanghai
Metropolitan Area including the city, some of its suburbs and the
surrounding area is approximately 18 million.
 Population Density

General 73 / km² ( 190 / sq mile)

Beijing 1,023 / km² ( 2,650 / sq mile)
Izmir 194 / km² ( 502 / sq mile)
Shanghai 108 / km² (280 / sq mile)
Chinese Population Pyramid
Charts ,Maps & Graphs
Today Population Pyramid :
China 2025:
Japan Pop’n Pyramid
Pop’n Pyramid- USA
Pop’n Pyramid-- Philippines
 Demography
• Demography is the statistical study of
all populations. It can be a very general science that
can be applied to any kind of dynamic population,
that is, one that changes over time or space. It
encompasses the study of the size, structure and
distribution of populations, and spatial and/or
temporal changes in them in response
to birth, migration, aging and death.
 Gender Ratio
Gender ratio: compares the number of males to
the number of females in population. It
presents the number of males for every 100
females in the population
                                  Number of males
Gender Ratio =                                                 x 100    
                                    Number of females
 Life expectancy
• Life expectancy is the expected (in the statistical
sense) number of years of life remaining at a given
age. It is denoted by ex, which means the average
number of subsequent years of life for someone now
aged x, according to a particular mortality
experience. (In technical literature, this symbol
means the average number of complete years of life
remaining, ie excluding fractions of a year. 
 Fertility Rates
1. Crude Birth Rate= number of live births/midyear population x 1000

Definition: Crude birth rate is the nativity or childbirths per 1,000

people per year.

2. General Fertility Rate= number of live births/midyear population of

women, 15-44 years of age x 1000

Definition: the annual number of live births per 1000 women of

childbearing age (often taken to be from 15 to 49 years old, but
sometimes from 15 to 44).