Strong acid Weak acid

• acid that ionizes • acid that ionizes

COMPLETELY in PARTIALLY in water
water to produce to produce LOWER
HIGHER concentration of
concentration of hydrogen ions.
hydrogen ions.

Example: Example:
Hydrochloric acid, HCl Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH
Nitric acid, HNO3 Carbonic acid, H2CO3
Sulphuric acid, H2SO4
 Strong alkali Weak alkali
• alkali that ionizes • alkali that ionizes
COMPLETELY in PARTIALLY in water
water to produce to produce LOWER
HIGHER concentration of
concentration of hydroxide ions.
hydroxide ions.

Example:
Example: Ammonia SOLUTION /
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH AQUEOUS or
Potassium hydroxide, KOH ammonium hydroxide
 questions
• Which of the following is correct about
weak alkali?

A) have pH value of 13
B) partially ionize in water
C) concentration of solution is low
D) does not react with acid
Which of the following substance ionize completely
in water?
I) Ammonia
II) Nitric acid
III) Ethanoic acid
IV) Sodium hydroxide

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and IV
D) III and IV
Which of the following statement describe a
strong acid?
I) Has a high pH value
II) Ionizes completely in water
III) Has a high concentration of hydrogen ion
IV) Exist as molecule in water

A) I and II
B) I and IV
C) II and III
D) III and IV
 Relationship pH and concentration of
ACID
Set pH Concentration of HCl
A 1 0.1 mol dm-3
B 5 0.001 mol dm-3
Explain why set A has different pH value of hydrochloric
acid than set B (3 marks)
•the concentration of hydrochloric acid in set A is higher than
the concentration of hydrochloric acid in set B.
•Hydrochloric acid in set A contain higher concentration H+ ion
than in set B
•pH value of hydrochloric acid in set A is lower than pH value
in set B
 Type of acid pH value
Nitric acid, 0.1 mol dm-3 2
Ethanoic acid,0.1 mol dm-3 3

Explain why the two acids above have different pH

value (5 marks)?
•Nitric acid has lower pH value than ethanoic acid
•Nitric acid is a strong acid.
•nitric acid ionizes completely in water to produce higher
concentration of hydrogen ion.
•Ethanoic acid is a weak acid
•Ethanoic acid ionizes partially in water to produce lower
concentration hydrogen ions.
 Role of water in showing properties of
ACID 3 2
1 Solution of ethanoic
Glacial ethanoic acidacid
in in Glacial ethanoic acid
glacial ethanoic acid water
water in propanone

CH3COOH CH3COOH CH3COOH

CH3COOH CH3COO- H+ CH3COOH
CH3COOH CH3COOH
CH3COOH
•Acid do not
•No water. dissociate in
•Water present.
•Acid does not ionize . propanone. No water
•acid dissociate in
• NO H+ ions produced. present 9
water to produce H+
•Acid remains as •NO H+ ions
ions.
molecule. produced.
•Acid shows acidic
•Acid does not show •Acid does not show
properties acidic properties
acidic properties.
 Examples: explain why observation in set A and B
are different (5 marks)
Magnesium
EXPLAINATION:
ribbon in •No water present in

A glacial
ethanoic
glacial ethanoic acid.
•Acid does not ionize
•NO HYDROGEN ION PRESENT
acid •Acidic properties are not shown
•Magnesium does not react with G.E.A
OBSERVATION:
•No change

EXPLAINATION:
Magnesium
B ribbon in
ethanoic
•WATER PRESENT
•Acid ionizes in water to produce
hydrogen ions.
•Acidic properties are shown where
acid solution Magnesium react with G.E.A

OBSERVATION:
•Colourless gas
bubbles released
Role of water in showing properties of ALKALI
Examples: explain why observation in set A and B
are different (5 marks)
A Ammonia gas in
EXPLAINATION:

•Ammonia exist as molecule

chloroform •Ammonia does not ionize in
chloroform because no water present
OBSERVATION: •No hydroxide ions present
•Alkaline properties are not shown
pH=7 (neutral) •pH value remain at 7.

B Ammonia gas in
water
EXPLAINATION:
•Ammonia ionizes to produce
hydroxide ions
OBSERVATION: •Alkaline properties are shown
•pH value change to 11
pH=11