Wel Come

Puspa Dhakal
Deputy Director
Curriculum Development Center
 Presentation Outline
• Introduction to Curriculum
• Theories of Curriculum Development
• Types of Curriculum
• Components of Curriculum
• Factors affecting Curriculum
Development
 Presentation Outline
• National Qualification Framework
• National Curriculum Framework
• Curricular Structure of Nepal
• Effective Implementation of Curriculum
• Issues related to Curriculum
• Way Forward
 Introduction to Curriculum:
Definitions…..
• Latin Word : Currere - Play ground
• Narrower Meaning : Syllabus
• Broader Meaning :
– Roadmap of education
– Plan of learning
– Collection of experiences
– Activities in school and out of school
– Educational program
– Initiatives to achieve learning outcomes
 Definitions of Curriculum
• Curriculum is taken as the epitome of
knowledge and experiences - Froebel
• Curriculum is the plan of learning- Hilda Taba
• Curriculum is the program developed to
achieve educational goals - NESP 1971
• Curriculum is the activities in and out of
schools to achieve expected outcomes -
Sayler and Alexender
 Theories of Curriculum Development

• Integration Vs Diversification
• Indigenous knowledge Vs Modern
knowledge
• Centralization Vs Decentralization
• Teacher Vs Expert dominated
• Globalization Vs Localization
• Outcome based Vs Competency based
 Types of curriculum
1. Subject centered curriculum
2. Activity/Experience centered
curriculum
3. Broad field curriculum
4. Core curriculum
5. Hidden curriculum
 Factors influencing Curriculum
Development
1. Contemporary society
2. Learner : interest, age, need
3. Experts : views, research outputs
4. Theories of learning
5. Philosophical base
6. Psychology
7. Political, Economic, Social, Cultural Change
8. Infrastructure of institutions
Organs/Components of Curriculum
1. Objectives : National Goals, Levelwise
Competencies, Subject and grade wise
Learning outcomes
2. Contents
3. Teaching Learning Process
4. Evaluation : formative and summative
 National Qualification Framework
• Determines overall
standards of all types of
education and their
equivalency.
• More than 50 countries have
NQF in place
• Nepal : Draft is published for
feedback
• Nine levels are proposed :
Level 1 (grade 1-3 )
Level 2 (grade 4-5)
Level 3 (Grade 6-8)
Level 4 (Grade 9-10)
Level 5 (Grade 11-
12)
Level 6 (Bachelor)
Level 7 (Masters)
Level 8 (M Phil)
Level 9 (Ph D)
 National Curriculum Framework
• A curriculum framework is an organized plan
or set of standards or learning outcomes that
defines the content to be learned in terms of
clear, definable standards of what the student
should know and be able to do.
• It gives the detailed structure and objectives
of the education
 NCF …………
• Developed in 2007 AD
(2063 BS)
• First revision : 2015 AD
(2071 BS)
• Under the process of
second revision

NCF
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 Curriculum Implementation :
Brainstorming

How to use curriculum

in teaching and
learning?
Curriculum Implementation: How?
• Focus on curriculum based teaching learning
rather than textbook based.
• Make sure that the school is teaching all the
subjects as in the curriculum
• Prepare class schedule on the basis of
weightage allocated
• Consider the National goals, Level-wise
competencies and learning outcomes while
instructional planning
 Issues and concerns
• Access to the curricula
• Textbook mania (No use of Curriculum)
• Subject coverage : burden to child
• Continuous Assessment System : application
• Content Depth : high
• Pedagogy : Traditional, teacher centered
• Remedial teaching

• Developing autonomous learner :

teaching to teach teaching to learn
Curriculum Implementation: How?
• Apply CAS for formative evaluation
• Prepare test items and exam Paper based on
Specification Grid
• Use various facilitation techniques as
indicated in respective curricula
• find out the depth of the content and don't go
faster than child growth and development
• Ensure all the learning outcomes are covered
 Way forward
• Curriculum gives the ends of education
• Let's start curriculum based teaching learning
• Let's ensure all subjects are taught
• Consider child psychology
• focus on harmonious development
• Let's make our students autonomous learner
• Let's follow the accepted policies
• Let's facilitate rather than teach
 Thank you
for

Patience
& Participation