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Sand
Cement
Aggregates
Water
TYPES OF ADMIXTURE
CHEMICAL MINERAL
ADMIXTURE ADMIXTURE
CEMENTITIOUS
PLASTICIZERS
• BLAST FURNACE SLAG
SUPER PLASTICIZERS
POZZOLANIC
ACCELERATORS
• FLYASH
SET RETARDERS
• SILICA FUME
• RICE HUSK
MINERAL
ADMIXTURES
Source of Mineral Admixtures
b) Industrial by products
ENERGY SAVINGS
ENVIRONMENTALLY
FRIENDLY
ECONOMIC BENEFIT
TECHNOLOGICAL
BENEFITS
TYPES OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES
CEMENTITIOUS POZZOLANIC
FLY ASH
The finely divided residue resulting from the combustion of ground or powdered coal.
Fly ash, ground slag, and inert materials generally increases workability. Silica fume
Workability
reduces workability; compensate by using super-plasticizers.
Fly ash reduces heat of hydration. Silica fume may not affect, but superplasticizers
Hydration
used with silica fume can increase heat.
Fly ash, natural pozzolans, and blast furnace slag increase set time; Can
Set Time
compensate by using accelerator.
Table: Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Hardened Concrete
Fly ash increases the ultimate strength but reduces rate of strength gain. Silica
Strength
fume has less effect on rate of strength gain than pozzolans.
Drying shrinkage and Low concentrations usually have single effect. High concentrations of ground
creep slag or fly ash may increase shrinkage. Silica fume may reduce shrinkage.
Effect on durability
Effect on shrinkage
Effect on creep
Detrimental effect
PLASTICIZER (Water Reducers)
b) The second use of this admixtures is in the production of concrete of normal workability
but with an extreme high strength
c) Reduce water consumption and increase the strength of concrete and improve the durability
or reduce unit dosage od cement, saving the cement.
The main BENEFITS of super plasticizers can be summarized as follows:
Increased fluidity
Reduced Water-Cement ratio
Reduced shrinkage, especially if combined with reduced cement content.
Improved durability by removing water to reduce permeability and diffusion
ADVANTAGES
AND
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
Speed the set-time of mixture, enabling finishing the operation is to begin sooner, useful during
cold weather pours.
are commonly used to reduce the effect of high temperature that could produce a faster
initial setting of concrete.
are used in concrete pavement construction, allowing more time for finishing concrete
pavements
Chemical type for Retarding Concrete Admixture