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MARCHING TOWARD
WAR
Chapter 13.1
 MILITARISM

• Glorifying war and the build

up of large armies.
• Competition for colonies
pushed nations to brink of
war.
• European arms race.
• Belief you need a powerful
army to be great!
 ALLIANCES

• Mistrust between countries

led to many military
alliances.
• Designed to keep peace
through fear of war with
multiple nations.
• It would actually help cause
WWI.
 TRIPLE ALLIANCE

• Alliance between:
• 1. Germany
• 2. Austria Hungary
• 3. Italy
 TRIPLE ENTENTE

• Alliance between:
• 1. France
• 2. Russia
• 3. Great Britain

• Did not bind Britain to fight

with them but guaranteed it
would not fight against them.
 IMPERIALISM: THE BALKANS

• Called the “powder keg of

Europe” because of a long
history of nationalist
uprisings and ethnic clashes.
• Ottoman empire weakening.
• Strong sense of Nationalism
in these countries.
 NATIONALISM

• The belief that people

should be loyal to their
country above all other
things. Extreme pride in your
country.
• European countries
developing strong nationalist
feelings.
 NATIONALISM’S EFFECT ON
EUROPE
• Competition among nations
for colonies and power.
• ethnic groups demand their
independence i.e. Serbia,
Bulgaria, Romania.
 ASSASSINATION: ARCHDUKE
FERDINAND
• June 28, 1914 visited
Sarajevo, the capital of
Bosnia.
• Shot to death by a terrorist
group known as the Black
Hand who wanted to end
Austrian rule of Bosnia.
 DECLARATION OF WAR

• Austria send Bosnia a list of

demands to avoid war.
• Serbia agreed to most.
• Austria did not want to
negotiate.
• War declared on July 28th
1914.
• Other countries quickly follow
suit and declare war.
• WWI has begun.
EUROPE PLUNGES
INTO WAR
CH 13.2
 BLOODY STALEMATE

• Everyone thought war would

be short
• War deadlocked in Northern
France; called the Western
Front
 SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

• Germany had a plan for

winning the war quickly and
avoiding a 2 front war called
the Schlieffen Plan.
• Attack and defeat France
then turn back to Russia.
• Russia would take longer to
prepare for war.
 FAILURE OF SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

• At first it looked like the plan

would work.
• September 5th the French
win the First Battle of the
Marne.
• Ended hopes of a quick
German victory in France.
 TRENCH WARFARE
• By early 1915 opposing
armies had dug trenches.
• Huge numbers die.
• Very little gain in territory.
• War stalls.
 LIFE IN THE TRENCHES

• Miserable.
• Slept and ate in mud.
• Full of rats.
• Always wet.
• Lots of disease.
• Impossible to sleep.
 THE EASTERN FRONT
• Battles along the Russian and
German border.
• By 1916 Russia’s war effort
collapsed because Russia
was not industrialized.
• Russia only had it’s numbers.
• Succeeded in tying up
hundreds of thousands of
Germans so they could not
overwhelm the Western
Front.