Types of Cement & its Properties

Prepared By;
Dharmkumar Shihora, 4th Year Civil Engg. Student
Abhishek Radadiya, 4th Year Civil Engg. Student
Dhruv Soni, 4th Year Civil Engg. Student

27th January, 2018, SVNIT, Surat.

 INTRODUCTION
• Definition : Cement generally refers to a very fine
powdery substance chiefly made up of limestone
(calcium), sand or clay (silicon), bauxite
(aluminum) and iron ore, and may include shells,
chalk, marl, shale, clay, blast furnace slag, slate.
• Ingredients
i. Limestone
ii. Calcium
iii. Iron
iv. Aluminum
v. Silicon
 Types of Cement
1) Ordinary Portland Cement
2) Rapid Hardening Cement
3) Extra Rapid Hardening Cement
4) Sulphate Resisting Cement
5) Portland Slag Cement
6) Quick Setting Cement
7) Super Sulphated Cement
8) Low Heat Cement
9) Portland Pozzolana Cement
10) Air Entraining Cement
 Types of Cement
11) Coloured Cement: White Cement
12) Expansive Cement
13) Concrete Sleeper grade Cement
14) High Alumina Cement
15) Very High Strength Cement
 Ordinary Portland Cement
• Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is by far the most important type
of cement.
• The OPC was classified into three grades
1. 33 grade
2. 43 grade
3. 53 grade
Depending upon the strength of the cement at 28 days when tested as per
IS 4031-1988. If the 28 days strength is not less than 33N/mm2, it is called 33
grade cement.
Properties :
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 225 m2/kg C3S : 40 %
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min C2S : 30 %
Soundness : 10 mm C3A : 11%
Compressive Strength in 16, 22, 33 N/mm2 respectively C3AF : 11 %
3, 7, 28 days (N/mm2) :
 Rapid Hardening Cement
• Similar to OPC cement but develops strength rapidly so it may be
call as high early strength cement.
• It is different from quick set cement which only sets quickly.
• This cement should not be used in mass construction projects.
• This cement is recommended in following situations :
 Pre – fabricated concrete construction.
 Formwork is required to remove early.
 Road repair works
 In cold weather concrete
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 325 m2/kg
More percentage of C3S as
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
Soundness : 10 mm compared to other compounds
Compressive Strength 27 N/mm2 in 3 days.
(N/mm2) :
 Extra Rapid Hardening Cement
• It is obtained by intergrinding CaCl2 with rapid hardening cement.
• Concrete made by using this cement should be transported, placed
and compacted and finished within 20 minutes.
• This cement accelerates setting and hardening process.
• At 90 days the strength of OPC and Extra Rapid Hardening
cement will be nearly same.
• Large amount of heat is evolved in a very short time after placing.
• This cement should not be stored within 1 month.
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 500 - 600 m2/kg
More percentage of C3S as
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
Soundness : 10 mm compared to other compounds
Compressive Strength 27 N/mm2 in 3 days.
(N/mm2) :
 Sulphate Resisting Cement
• Sulphate resisting cement is used to reduce the risk of sulphate
attack on concrete.
• This cement has high silicate content for sulphate resistance
• This cement is recommended under following conditions
 Concrete in marine condition
 Concrete to be used in foundation and basement where soil is infected with
sulphates.
 Concrete to be used in pipes which are to be buried in sulphate bearing soils
 Concrete to be used in construction of sewage treatment plants.
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 225 m2/kg
Low C3A (limit upto 5%) and
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
Soundness : 10 mm low C3AF content.
Compressive Strength in 10, 16, 33 N/mm2 respectively.
3, 7, 28 days (N/mm2) :
 Portland Slag Cement
• This cements is obtained by mixing Portland cement clinker,
gypsum and granulated blast furnace slag in suitable proportions
and grinding the mixture to get uniform mixture between the
constituents.
• Around 40-50 % slag and clinkers are grinded to obtain this
cement.
• It has low heat of hydration and better resistant to chlorides.
• The heat of hydration of Portland slag cement is lower than OPC.
• This cement is recommened in following situations
 Mass concrete structures.
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 225 m2/kg 45- 50% slag,
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
45% – 50% clinker,
Soundness : 10 mm
and 3-5% gypsum
Compressive Strength in 16, 22, 33 N/mm2 respectively
3, 7, 28 days (N/mm2) :
 Quick Setting Cement
• This cement as the name indicates sets very early .
• The early setting property is brought out by reducing the gypsum
content at the time of clinker grinding.
• This cement is required to be mixed, placed and compacted very
early. It is used mostly in under water construction where pumping
is involved.
• Use of quick setting cement in such conditions reduces the
pumping time and makes it economical. Quick setting cement may
also find its use in some typical grouting operations.

Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Fineness : 225 m2/kg 45- 50% slag,
Setting time : Min : 10 min & Max : 20 min
45% – 50% clinker,
Soundness : 10 mm
and 3-5% gypsum
Compressive Strength in 35 , 40 N/mm2 respectively
7, 28 days (N/mm2) :
 Super Sulphated Cement
• This cement is rather more sensitive to deterioration during
storage than Portland cement.
• Super-sulphated cement has a low heat of hydration of about 40-
45 calories/gm at 7 days and 45-50 at 28 days.
• This cement has high sulphate resistance. Because of this property
this cement is particularly recommended for use in foundation,
where chemically aggressive conditions exist .
• As super-sulphated cement has more resistance than Portland
blast furnace slag cement to attack by sea water, it is also used in
the marine works.
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 225 m2/kg 80-85 % slag,
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
05% clinker,
Soundness : 10 mm
and 10-15% gypsum
Compressive Strength in 3 10 ,20 , 30 N/mm2 respectively
7, 28 days (N/mm2) :
 Low Heat Cement
• It is well known that hydration of cement is an exothermic action
which produces large quantity of heat during hydration .
• Cement having low rate during the hydration was developed in
U.S.A. during 1930 for use in mass concrete construction, such as
dams, where temperature rise by the heat of hydration can become
excessively large.
• A low-heat evolution is achieved by reducing the contents of C3S
and C3A which are the compounds evolving the maximum heat of
hydration and increasing C2S. A reduction of temperature will
retard the chemical action of hardening and so further restrict the
rate of evolution of he
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 225 m2/kg 45- 50% slag,
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
45% – 50% clinker,
Soundness : 10 mm
and 3-5% gypsum
Compressive Strength in 16, 22, 33 N/mm2 respectively
3, 7, 28 days (N/mm2) :
 Portland Pozzolana Cement
• A pozzolanic material is essentially a silicious or aluminous
material which while in itself possessing no cementitious
properties, which will, in finely divided form and in the
presence of water, react with calcium hydroxide, liberated in
the hydration process, at ordinary temperature, to form
compounds possessing cementitious properties
• Portland pozzolana cement can be used in all situations where
OPC is used except where high early strength is of special
requirement. As PPC needs enough moisture for sustained
pozzolanic activity, a little longer curing is desirable. Use of
PPC would be particularly suitable for the following
situations: ( a ) For hydraulic structures; ( b ) For mass
concrete structures like dam, bridge piers and thick
foundation; ( c ) For marine structures; ( d ) For sewers and
sewage disposal works etc.
 Portland Pozzolana Cement
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Fineness : 500 - 600 m2/kg 45- 50% slag,
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
10% – 25% clinker,
Soundness : 10 mm
and 3-5% gypsum
Compressive Strength 27 N/mm2 in 3 days.
(N/mm2) :
 Air Entraining Cement
• Air-entraining cement is not covered by Indian Standard so far. This cement is
made by mixing a small amount of an air-entraining agent with ordinary
Portland cement clinker at the time of grinding.
• The following types of air-entraining agents could be used:
• ( a ) Alkali salts of wood resins.
• ( b ) Synthetic detergents of the alkyl-aryl sulphonate type.
• ( c ) Calcium lignosulphate derived from the sulphite process in paper making.
• ( d ) Calcium salts of glues and other proteins obtained in the treatment of
animal hides.
• These agents in powder, or in liquid forms are added to the extent of 0.025–0.1
per cent by weight of cement clinker.

Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Fineness : 225 m2/kg 45- 50% slag,
Setting time : Min : 30 min & Max : 600 min
45% – 50% clinker,
Soundness : 10 mm
and 3-5% gypsum
Compressive Strength in 16, 22, 33 N/mm2 respectively
3, 7, 28 days (N/mm2) :