Subject:-QMB II

Topic :- C.P.M
• Group no:- 6
Name Roll no.
Akshay Bhagat 03
Sukhada gadare 11
Amit khothavale 18
Leena vaity 42
Darshana vedek 45
Jagruti wavadekar 46
INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL PATH METHOD
• Critical Path Method was developed by M. R. Walker of E.T. du Pont de
Nemours & Co. of USA in 1956.

• It is used for optimizing resource allocation and minimizing overall cost

for a given project.

• CPM was developed to help scheduling of routine plant overhaul and

maintenance, building or a pilot model plant, etc.

• CPM is based on the assumption that the time which each activity in the
project will take is precise and unknown.

• The relation between the amount of resources employed and the time
needed to complete the project is also assumed to be known.
 CRITICAL PATH METHOD
• ADVANTAGES
• CPM highlights the critical activities on
which management should focus
attention to reduce project completion
time.
• It helps management in diverting
resources from non-critical to critical
activities, i.e., it facilitates optimum
allocation of resources.
• It helps to identify potential bottlenecks
and to avoid unnecessary pressure on the
paths that will not result in earlier
completion of the project.
• DISADVANTAGES
• CPM operates on the assumption that
there is a precise known time that each
activity in the project will take. But this
may not be true in real life situations.
• CPM does not incorporate statistical
analysis in determining time estimates.
• CPM is not a panacea for all ills. It cannot
by itself solve a problem it only facilitates
a thorough examination of the problem
and alternative solutions for it.
 Q No1. A project is made up of 8 jobs as follows:

Jobs Duration
( in days )
A 30
B 36
C 16
D 14
E 8 The following sequential relationship apply:
F 23 (i) A precedes all other jobs except B and C,
G 18
(ii) G must follows D,
H 20
(iii)H must follows E and B, and
(iv)E must follows B.

(a)Draw an arrow diagram for the project.

 2 5
16 36 80 80

C (16) D (14)
0 G (18)

1 B(36) 3 A (30) 4 F(23 7 8

0 0 36 36 66 66 98 98 0 98 98

E (8) H (20)
6
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(b)Find the minimum duration of the project.

Ans:-

Paths Duration
B-A-F 118
C-dummy-A-F 98
B-A-D-G 79
B-E-H 64

MINIMUM DURATION IS 64 days and the critical path

is 1-3-6-7-8
C) What jobs lies on the critical path? Tail event= latest
Total
finish
Head float = latest
time-latest
event=latest
Earliest finish
Earliest start finish
startstart
Latest Free
start time
time- – total
earliest
earliest
float=
time
Earliest time finish
Latest's Latest time finish time float
job Durati
Start Finish Start finish Tail
float
finish - slack
timeoffree
Head Total
on
Event tail event
event

A 30 36 36 66 66 0 0 0 0
B 36 0 0 36 36 0 0 0 0
C 16 0 20 16 36 0 20 20 0
D 14 66 66 80 80 0 0 0 0
E 8 36 70 44 78 0 0 4 4
F 23 66 75 89 98 0 0 9 9
G 18 80 80 98 98 0 0 0 0
H 20 74 78 94 98 34 0 4 0
D) If “ sub-critical” means having less than 4 days total
float, find the sub- critical path ?

Ans:- sub critical path days or less total float is B-A_E_H of

which B and A have total float 0 and E and H have total float
4 days.

E) What is the latest starting time of job c ?

Ans: Latest start time of c is 36-16 = 20 days.

F) If f were to take 36 days with all other duration

unchanged, find by how must will the project duration get
delayed.
Solution With change in the duration of f as 36
days, the network will be modified as:
2 5
16 30 80 84

C (16) D (14)
0 G (18)

1 B(36) 3 A (30) 4 F(36) 7 8

0 0 36 36 98 98 102 102
66 66 0

E (8) H (20)
6
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 Problem no:-2

A) DRAW A NETWORK CORRESPONDING TO THE

FOLLOWING INFORMATION
Activity Times (days) Activity Times (days)
1-2 8 6-8 10
1-3 2 7-10 12
1-4 6 8-9 3
1-5 12 9-12 6
2-4 5 10-12 8
2-7 9 10-14 18
3-5 3 11-12 9
3-6 7 11-14 7
4-10 4 12-14 4
5-11 10 12-13 11
6-7 2 13-14 4
 4 4
13 25 10
29 29

6 5

2 12 9
8 8
8 9 18
6
7
17 17
1
0 0 2 2
3 6
7 10 8 3 9 8 12 11 13 4 14
2 6
9 13 19 23 22 39 47 47 58 58 62 62

12 3 7
4
10 11
5 22 40
12 30
 b) Find the earliest and latest scheduling times of
various activities.

c) Obtain the total, interfering, free , and independent

floats for each of the activities.

Ans:(b) And (C) the ealiest and the latest starting and
fininshing times of various activities are indicated on
the figure and are given in table. Also given in the
table are the floats.
 Earliest Latest float

Activi Time start Finish Start Finish Tail Head Total free int Indep
ty INTERFERING
event event FLOAT = TOTAL FLOAT-
.
FREE FLOAT
Independents float = free float-
1-2 8 0 8 0 8 0 0 slack
0 of tail
0 event0 0

1-3 2 0 2 4 6 0 4 4 0 4 0

1-4 6 0 6 19 25 0 12 19 7 12 7
1-5 12 0 12 18 30 0 18 18 0 18 0

2-4 5 8 13 20 25 0 12 12 0 12 0

2-7 9 8 17 8 17 0 0 0 0 0 0

3-5 3 2 5 27 30 4 18 25 7 18 3

3-6 7 2 9 6 13 4 4 4 0 4 0

Continue……………
 Earliest Latest float
Activi Time start Finish Start Finish Tail Head Total free int Ind
ty event event ep.

4-10 4 13 17 25 29 12 0 12 12 0 0
5-11 10 12 22 30 40 18 18 18 0 18 0
6-7 2 9 11 15 17 4 0 6 6 0 2
6-8 10 9 19 13 23 4 4 4 0 4 0
7-10 12 17 29 17 29 0 0 0 0 0 0
8-9 3 19 22 36 39 4 17 17 0 17 0
8-10 6 19 22 36 39 4 0 17 0 17 0

Continue ………………
 Earliest Latest float

Activi Time start Finish Start Finish Tail Head Total free int Ind
ty event event ep.

9-12 8 22 30 39 47 17 0 17 17 0 17
10-12 18 29 47 29 47 0 0 0 0 0 0
10-14 9 29 38 53 62 0 0 24 24 0 24
11-12 7 22 29 40 47 18 0 18 18 0 0
11-14 4 22 26 58 62 18 0 36 36 0 18
12-13 11 47 58 47 58 0 0 0 0 0 0
13-14 4 58 62 58 62 0 0 0 0 0 0
D) can this project be competed within 65 days?
Ans :-Yes, the project can be completed in 65 days

E) What would be the effect on the project length of reducing the resources to be
used for activity 8-10 by such an amount as would increase the ties for this activity
by 5 days?
Ans:- Since the activity 8-10 has a total float equal to 4 days, a dealy by 5 days in it
would increase the project length by one day.
F) The head of the department in which activity 6-8 to be performed requests
that he be allowed to work overtime so that the activity can be completed in
6 days. should his request be considered in the inters of project completion at
an earlier date? How about a similar request from the manager of the activity
2-7?
Ans:- The activity 6-8 is non-critical and has a total float equal to 6 days.
Therefore, it is no use working overtime on it as a decrease in its time would
not cause a change in the project duration. However, activity2-7 is worthwhile
working overtime on. If this activity is completed in 6 days, the project length
would be reduced by 3 days that are saved on it. This is because activity 2-7 is
critical one.

(G)It has come to be know that due to non- availability of resources in time,
activity 3-5 would be delayed by 9 days. will it affect (I) the project completion
time? (II) the start of its successor activity? By how much?
Ans:- i) this activity has a totoal float equal to 25 days. A delays of 9 days
would not affect the project completion time. However. The delays of 9 days,
would (II) affect the start of its successor activity by 2 days because it has a
free float eqyal to 7 days.
 2 5
16 36 80 80

0 1 B(36) 3 4 7 8
0 0 0 0 36 36 66 66 98 98 98 98
0

6
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 Project river clean consists of certain activities whose time
required for each activity is given in the following table:-

Activiity 1-2 1-4 1-7 2-3 3-6 4-5 4-8 5-6 6-9 7-9 8-9

Time 2 2 1 4 1 5 8 4 3 3 5

On the basis of above data answer the follow.

Q 1) Draw the network diagram & find the

critical path?
 Solution no.1

2 4 3
1
6 11
2 7 6
12
11
2 3
4

5 8
1 9
0 0 5 8 5 15 15
2 4
10
8
2 10
1 2 7 3

7
1 12

Critical path
1-4-8-8-9 Duration is 15 days
Q 2) calculate the floats and determine the sub-
critical path?
Activity time Earliest time Latest time Total
(TiJ) float
Est Eft Lst Lft
1-2 2 0 2 7 5 5
1-4 2 0 2 2 0 0
1-7 1 0 1 12 11 11
2-3 4 2 6 11 7 5
3-6 1 6 7 12 11 5
4-5 5 2 7 8 3 1
4-8 8 2 10 10 2 0
5-6 4 7 11 12 8 1
6-9 3 11 14 15 12 1
7-9 3 12 15 15 12 11
8-9 5 10 15 15 10 0
Sub-critical path are as under
1-2-3-6-9 having float of 10 days
1-4-5-6-9 having float of 10 days.
1-7-9 having float of 4 days.
Q 3) activities 2-3, 4-5 & 6-9 each require one
unit of key machine to complete it the cost of
machine does not permit to acquire another
unit. You are asked to pine that availability of
one unit of the machine is enough to complete
the activities in question justify your opinion.

Ans: the path 4-5 & 6-9( each have float of 1

days. Thus only one days of machine time is not
enough 2-3 has enough float thus minimum 2
days of machine time is required.