Better Life is Greener life,

Green Concrete
[Salih Al-Jumaili, s.net@hotmail.co.uk]
Our Atmosphere has a natural supply of
greenhouse gases
 Increasing of Greenhouse gases percentage in
our atmosphere is increasing the sun light
observation without letting the lights to be
redirected outside the atmosphere.

 the observed lights warm the surface of the

earth.

A worming of only a few degrees cause a

number of environmental problems.
 Heat Waves

 Long term effects

 Extension of Deserts

 Rising sea levels

 And the last ice age

 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is very important
component of the atmosphere, carbon
dioxide is released through natural
processes such as respiration and volcano
eruptions and through human activities
such as land use changes, and burning fossil
fuels. Humans have increased atmospheric
CO2 concentration by a third since the
Industrial Revolution began.
human activities are responsible for
about 90% of GHG emissions
What can we do as Civil Engineers to
help our World ?
Cement
 Cement is responsible for 5-7% of Greenhouse gas (GHS).
 Cement production is enormously increased for the past
50 years
 Cement production generates carbon dioxide (CO2)
directly during its clinker calcining process, and
indirectly releases GHG emissions (including CO2,
methane (CH4), and nitrogen oxide (N2O)) due to its
fossil fuel combustion and huge consumption of
electricity.
 900 kg CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere for
producing one ton of cement.
 The solution is

Green Cement
 Green Cement its not about color of course.
 The main aspects are:

reduction in quantity of emission of

greenhouse gases (GHG) that cause
global warming.

HOW ?
 Fly ash is the fine fraction in the by-products of
the combustion of coal in power plants.
 Fly ash is produced when flue gases are captured
from coal combustion and are subject to removal
of fine particles via filters.
 The use of FA in cement to avoid carbon emissions
from the production of clinker.
 the FA unable to comply with the quality
standards. Upgrading proses (UP) are needed.
 FA will require proper methods for handling,
upgrading and transport hence creating a positive
impact on CO2 emissions.

 using UPFA as a replacement for clinker in cement

production have been demonstrated in several
studies and research.
Ups with embodies energy between 0 and 4
GJ/tonneFA
 Waste Building Materials

In Japan, The CO2 emission from the cement production

process is 0.725 t for 1 t of cement production, which has a
considerable influence on the environment.

The CO2 reduction effects by usage of recycled cement

varied from 0.06 million tons to 0.72 million tons, from the
total annual cement CO2 emission of about 29.4 million tons
with use of natural limestone resources
 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS )

is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide

(CO2) from large point sources, such as fossil fuel
power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and
depositing it where it will not enter the
atmosphere, normally an underground geological
formation.
The aim is to prevent the release of large
quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere (from fossil
fuel use in power generation and other industries).
 Ecologically problem of greenhouse effect will never be
solved without legal regulation.
 From 1 billion of tones in year 1994 till 3.5 billion of tones
in year 2014.
 Amount of total CO2 emission in past years by countries of
highest emission.
 Developing countries have contended that industrialized
countries had caused the climate change problem, so now
they should face the regulation of CO2 and other
greenhouse effect gases.
 Developing countries have contended that industrialized
countries had caused the climate change problem, so now
they should face the regulation of CO2 and other
greenhouse effect gases.
Thank you