The document discusses fabricating a connecting rod using natural fiber composites like lotus fiber and banana fiber reinforced with an epoxy matrix. Lotus and banana fibers were selected due to their high strength, light weight, and renewable nature. An epoxy resin was selected as the matrix material. The composite material would be formed using a die molding process and tested for properties like tensile strength. The composite connecting rod could provide an alternative to steel connecting rods in engines.
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01.Examine and Fabrication of Connecting Rod by Composite Materials Like Lotus Fiber,Bannana Fiber Using Matrix Composites
The document discusses fabricating a connecting rod using natural fiber composites like lotus fiber and banana fiber reinforced with an epoxy matrix. Lotus and banana fibers were selected due to their high strength, light weight, and renewable nature. An epoxy resin was selected as the matrix material. The composite material would be formed using a die molding process and tested for properties like tensile strength. The composite connecting rod could provide an alternative to steel connecting rods in engines.
The document discusses fabricating a connecting rod using natural fiber composites like lotus fiber and banana fiber reinforced with an epoxy matrix. Lotus and banana fibers were selected due to their high strength, light weight, and renewable nature. An epoxy resin was selected as the matrix material. The composite material would be formed using a die molding process and tested for properties like tensile strength. The composite connecting rod could provide an alternative to steel connecting rods in engines.
MATERIALS LIKE LOTUS FIBER, BANANA FIBER USING MATRIX COMPOSITES ABSTRACT
• The connecting rod is a component which connects the
reciprocating piston to the linear crankshaft, transmitting the piston motion to crankshaft. In automobile engineering field, every vehicle runs on I.C. engine and uses at least one connecting rod. Due to the fuel consumption more number of compressive and tensile forces acting on the connecting rod. Due to the magnitude of such forces, failure can be occur. To avoid this, the existing connecting rod is replaced by composite materials. Because the composite material have good characteristics such as wear resistance, hardness, and high tensile strength. The present paper is a review of the analysis performed on connecting rod using various composite materials. • We are fabricate the connecting rod in natural composite fiber materials in the way of matrix composites method. what are the natural fiber materials are used? The following name of fiber materials are lotus fiber and banana fiber. INTRODUCTION • In recent years, polymeric based composites materials are being used in many application such as automotive, sporting goods, marine, electrical, industrial, construction, household appliances, etc. • Polymeric composites have high strength and stiffness, light weight, and high corrosion resistance. • Natural fibres are available in abundance in nature and can be used to reinforce polymers to obtain light and strong materials. • The natural fiber present important advantages such as low density, appropriate stiffness, mechanical properties with high disposability and renewability. In this project are used the natural fibre of lotus fiber and banana fiber using matrix composites, . EXISTING APPLICATIONS • Lotus and banana fiber reinforced composites in under-floor protection for passenger cars • Automobile parts such as rear view mirror, visor in two wheeler, billion seat cover, indicator cover, cover L-side, name plate were fabricated using sisal and roselle fibers hybrid composites • decks, docks, window frames and molded panel components PROPOSED WORK • In a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod connects the piston to the crank or crankshaft. In modern automotive internal combustion engines, the connecting rods are most usually made of steel for production engines, but can be made of natural fibre composites(for lightness and the ability to absorb high impact at the expense of durability) .Lotus fibre ,banana fibre with addition of epoxy(for a combination of strength and lightness at the expense of affordability) for examine the engines. PROCESS FLOW MATERIAL SELECTION (LOTUS FIBER,BANANA FIBER)
SELECTION RESIN(EPOXY)
DIE MAKING PROCESS
ANALYSIS THE MECHANICAL PROPERTY
OF THE COMPOSITE REQUIREMENTS • Lotus fiber • Bannana fiber • Epoxy • Die LOTUS FIBER • Lotus plants spread across all over India and related countries, with planting area about large hectares. Each year, after the flowering season, most of the lotus leaves and stalks are degraded naturally, which result in a waste of resource. Natural cellulose fibers produce from renewable plant resources, especially from crop residues can help to mitigate energy and environmental issues. There are a lot of fibers between lotus leaves and stalks, be easily to be obtained. And it is renewable, biodegradable, abundant in resources, more comfortable and skin-friendly than synthetic fiber . BANNANA FIBER Banana fiber is obtained from the superimposed leaves forming the pseudo stem of the plant, which currently has no use, apart from a low percentage dedicated to cattle feed. It belongs to Musa genre, as a monocot . which are the most important producers of bananas in Asia. It is important to highlight that fibers are obtained from the pseudo stems of the plant once the fruit has been harvested, and that each plant only bears fruit once; this is one of the main benefits of banana fibers in comparison with other natural fibers, as this one is obtained from an agricultural residue. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement of polymeric parts has been widely studied, specially focusing on injection molding technology. In fact, around 21,000 tons of natural fibers were used Natural fibers are less harmful to humans, machinery and the environment, thus being realistic alternatives to glass fiber COMP0SITION
• LOTUS AND BANNANA FIBER - 75%
• EPOXY RESIN - 25%
LOTUS FIBER BANANA FIBER BANANA FIBER PROPERTIES OF LOTUS FIBER PROPERTIES VALUE
Density 1.184 g/cm³
Tensile strength 53 MPa
Young’s modulus 3.8 GPa
Elongation at break 2.75 %
CHARACTERISTICS OF LOTUS AND BANANA FIBERS • It is highly strong fiber. • It is light weight • tough and durable • unaffected by moisture and dampness PROPERTIES OF BANANA FIBER PROPERTIES VALUE
Density 1.350 g/cm³
Tensile strength 56 MPa
Young’s modulus 3.5 GPa
Elongation at break 2.6 %
EPOXY EPOXY RESIN – INTRODUCTION • Epoxy resin belongs to the principal polymer under the term thermosetting resins, which covers a wide range of cross-linking polymers including unsaturated polyester resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, and amino resins. Thermosetting polymers form an infusible and insoluble mass on heating, due to the formation of a covalently cross-linked and thermally stable network structure. They are generally amorphous and possess various desirable properties such as high tensile strength and modulus, easy processing, good thermal and chemical resistance, and dimensional stability. The term epoxy resin is applied to both prepolymers and to cured resins; the former is characterized by a three-membered ring known as the epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, or ethoxyline group EFFECT OF EPOXY • Epoxy resins are a family of thermo set plastic materials which do not give off reaction products when they cure and so have low cure shrinkage. • They also have good adhesion to other materials. • Environmental resistance. • Good chemical properties and good insulating properties. DIE MAKING • The tooling involved in plastic molding is quite similar to that of stamping dies. The principal difference is that stamping requires force, while molding does not. In plastic molding, two units are required whose design is such that, when brought together, they make up a system of closed cavities linked to a central orifice. Liquid plastic is forced through the orifice and into the cavities, or molds, and when the plastic solidifies, the molds open and the finished parts are ejected. APPLICATIONS • AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS • INDUSTRIES • TIDAL POWER PLANT COMPONENTS. ADVANTAGES OF FIBER COMPOSITE • As molded dimensional accuracy. Tight tolerance, repeatable moldings. • Chemical Resistance. • Consolidated Parts and Function. • Corrosion Resistance. • Design Flexibility. • Durable. • High Flexural Modulus to Carry Demanding Loads. High Impact Strength. • High Performance at Elevated Temperatures. TESTS • TENSILE TEST • HARDNESS TEST • TOUGHNESS TEST REFERENCE • than, L.; Thomas, S.; Neelakantan, N.R. Short banana fiber reinforced polyester composites: Mechanical, failure and ageing characteristics. J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 1997, 16, 744– 765. • Ortega, Z.; Benítez, A.N.; Monzón, M.D.; Hernández, P.M.; Angulo, I.; Marrero, M.D. Study of banana fiber • Chen D.S., Gan Y.J., 2008, Lotus fiber and preparation method and products. China, Paten NO. CN 200610140888.4 • Chen D.S., He J., Wang J.G., Gan Y.J., 2009, Research on the shape of lotus fiber. Journal of cellulose science and technology, 17(1), 57-60. DOI: 1004-8405(2009)01-0057-04