AIR TRAFFIC

CONTROL

UNIT 7
What Are the Purposes of
ATC Towers?
 Air Traffic Control

 Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-

based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in
the air.

The primary purpose of ATC systems worldwide is:

 to separate aircraft to prevent collisions

 to organize and expedite the flow of traffic

 to provide information and other support for pilots when

able.
Air Traffic Control System
 Air traffic controllers are

the people who operate

the air traffic

control systems to expedite

and maintain a safe and

orderly flow of air traffic

and help prevent mid-air

collisions.
Air Traffic Control Tower
Transmission of Signals
The Air Traffic Control Tower
at Heathrow Airport, London.
Air Traffic Control Tower
 The Air Traffic
Control Tower at
KLIA Airport
Flight Profile
 Objectives of the air traffic services
The objectives of the air traffic services shall be to:
A. prevent collisions between aircraft on the maneuvering
area and obstructions on that area.
B. expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic.

C. provide advice and information useful for the safe and

efficient conduct of flights.

D. notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in
need of search and rescue aid, and assist such
organizations as required.
 Aerodrome
Control Services

Update important ATC Tower Emergency

information Services

Deal with airport

operations staff
Need of Air Traffic Control

 ATC deals with that phage of air transportation which

ensures safe convenient and economic movement of
aircraft from one airport to another airport.
 Involves following basic actions:-
1. The aircraft takeoff from an airport,
2. Maintains a proper altitude in air,
3. It navigates from a point to point safely,
4. It lands at the desired aircraft.
 Primary functions of ATC
 1. Air traffic control:- This deals with followings: -
A. To guide the aircraft, desiring to land or takeoff
B. To control the arriving and departing aircraft on the
airfield between apron and runway.
 2. Airway traffic control
this regulates the movement of aircraft along the air
routes with adequate lateral and vertical separation to
avoid collision particularly essential when visibility is
poor.
 3. Airway communication

this deals with conveying of airway and weather

information to the pilot during the flight.

 4. Non Airway traffic control

This presents a serious problem when personal

flying is done. In such cases the aircraft movement
not flying along the airway.
Air Traffic Control Tower Apron Control Tower
Air Traffic Services

 Facilities:

 Terminal Area Radar (TAR)

 Surface Movement Radar (SMR)

 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)

Terminal Approach RADAR
 Cruise / En-route

Climb
Descend
Preflight Approach
& Ta k e - And
off Landing
 How Radar Works?
Radar sets produce radio signals. They radiate (send out) these
signals into space with a transmitter.
When a radio signal strikes an object such as an airplane, part of the
signal is reflected back to the radar antenna. The signal is picked up
there as a radar echo.
Radar set changes the radar echo into an image that can be seen on a
screen. Radar set also gives the direction of the target and its
distance from the set.
 Classification of ATC Services
 There are 3 control components of ATC and one support component.

 These components interact all time among themselves via telephone

or microwave data links. Following Control Components:

 Air Traffic Control Systems Command Centre (ATCSCC)

 Air Route Traffic Control Centres (ARTCC)

 Terminal Approach/Departure Control Facilities (TCA - TRACON)

 Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Support Component

(Information)
Air Route Traffic Control Centers