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audition
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BRANCHES OF LINGUSTICS
Physical/environ
Phone Meaningless Realized
mental unit
Variation of
Allophone Phonetic unit variations
phoneme
PHONE – PHONEME - ALLOPHONE
PHONEME
PHONE
ALLOPHONES
SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
5 VOWELS LETTERS 21 CONSONANT LETTERS
It has many other uses, and we are going to see how we can use
effectively.
. . ..
met ro pol i tan /ˌmetrə‘pɑːlətən / adj. related to a
city and its suburbs.
PRONUNCIATION MEANING
ARTICULATORY ANATOMY
Can you recognize some parts of the articulatory anatomy in the
picture?
9
7 3
4
11
6 7
8
9 8
5 4
1 13
12
2 6 2
3 4 14
10 5
11
12
13 1
14 10
Articulation of Phonemes:
VOWELS
Vowels are classified by:
Close High / /
i:/ I / U u:
/
/ / /
/iy/ as in ME
/ü/ as in FIRST /u/ as in YOU
/I/ as in IT
/U/ as in PUT
/å/ as in HOT
/aw/ as in HOUSE
/ay/ as in MY
/Øy/ as in BOY
/I/ - /ʊ/
/Λ/ - /ɒ/
/ə/ - /e/
/æ/
THE SOUND /I/
The tongue is positioned
forward and slightly
lower in the oral cavity
than for /i/,with the sides
in contact with the teeth
laterally and the tip The velopharyngeal
positioned behind the port is closed
lower teeth
The mandible is
slinghtly lower than for
/i/
The vocal folds are
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION adducted and
vibrating.
THE SOUND / ʊ /
The tongue body is back and
elevated into a mid-high position
with contact against the upper
molars, while the tongue root is not The
as retracted as other back vowels. velopharyngeal
port is closed
The velopharyngeal
port is closed
The mandible is
slightly lowered
The vocal folds are
adducted and
The lips are rounded vibrating
and producted
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION
THE SOUND / ə /
Although variable,the
tongue is in the center of The velopharyngeal
the oral cavity. port is closed
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION
THE SOUND / æ /
the tongue is positioned
slightly forward and low in
the oral cavity,with the tip
The velopharyngeal
positioned behind the lower
port is closed
teeth
the mandible is
elevated
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION
THE SOUND / u: /
the tongue body is elevated
into a high and back positioned
with contact against the upper
the velopharyngeal
molars, while the tongue root is
port is closed
advanced to open the
pharyngeal airway
the mandible is
elevated
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION
THE SOUND / ɑ: /
the tongue body is
positioned back and low
in the oral cavity the velopharyngeal
port is closed
the mandible is
lowered more than
the rest of the back
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION vowels
THE SOUND / ɔ: /
the tongue is positioned back
and in a low-mid position with
respect to height
the velopharyngeal
port is closed
the mandible is
slightly lowered
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION
ARTICULATION
OF
PHONEMES:
CONSONANTS
Consonant sounds are classified by their:
lip configuration
may vary
depending on
phonetic context
Lip configuration
may vary
depending on
phonetic context
STEP-BY-STEP DESCRIPTION
/b/ /d/
/dʒ/ / g/
/v/ /ð/
/z/ /ʒ /
THE SOUND / b /
The lips are The
brought together velopharyngeal por
to obstruct the is closed
oral cavity
Lip configuration
may vary depending
on phonetic context
Lip configuration
may vary depending
on phonetic context
The
velopharyngeal
port us closed
Lip configuration
may vary depending
on phonetic context
The velopharyngeal
port is closed
The inner border of
the lower lip
contacts the upper
teeth to create a
constricton
Lip configuration
may vary depending The vocal folds are
on phonetic adducted and vibrating
conmtext Air forced between tongue surface
and the cutting edge of the upper
teeth(interdental) or inside surface of
the teeth(dental) creates audible
frictional turbulence
THE SOUND / z /
The apex and blade of the
tongue are elevated into Air forced under pressure along
contact with the hard midline groove crates audible
palate,leaving a narrow frictional turbulence
midline groove open
The velopharyngeal
port is closed
The velopharyngeal
port is closed
Lip cofiguration
may vary
depending on
phonetic context
The velopharyngeal
port is closed.
/ / as in IT
/ / as in PUT
/ / as in ATE / / as in UP
/ / as in EGG
/ / as in GO
/ / as in FAT / / as in ALL
/ / as in HOT
/ / as in HOUSE
/ / as in MY
/ / as in BOY