Internal combustion engines in Italy

Estimated installed power:

Passenger cars ≈ 37 millions

Average engine power ≈ 65 kW
Total installed power ≈ 2400 GW
Use factor < 0.01(from avg. km/year)
Road vehicles petroleum consumption 50%
Engines power range

PUA = 80 MW

PUA = 1 kW
Periodic torque
Rotary engine
Rotary engine
 Rotary engine vs. reciprocating engine

Pros Cons
Compactness Rotor sealing problems

High power/mass ratio Heat losses

No vibrations Slow combustion, low efficiency

High speed High pollutant emissions

Gas turbine vs. internal combustion engine
Gas turbine vs. internal combustion engine
 Max fuel conversion efficiency vs. power

0.7

0.6
max fuel conversion efficiency

0.5

0.4 Heavy duty GT

Aeroderivative GT
Combined cycle
0.3 Diesel engine

0.2

0.1

0
1 10 100 1000
Power [MW]
Barsanti and Matteucci engine, 1856
Otto and Langen engine, 1868
Engine section, 1913
Engine section, 1913
Spark ignition engine
Compression ignition engine
Displacement and compression ratio
2
B
Vd    L
4
V1  V cc  Vd
V2  Vcc
V1

V2
Indicated mean effective pressure (imep)

L i   pdV
Li
imep 
V
 Shaft work Lua

Lua  z  Li m
Brake mean effective pressure (bmep)

L ua
bmep 
Vt
Brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc)

.
m 'c
bsfc  g / kWh 
Pua
Combustion efficiency versus
equivalence ratio F