Introduction to

Management
 Topics

What is management?

What do managers do?

What challenges do managers

at different levels face?
 Management is…

Efficiency
Getting work
done through
others Effectiveness

1
 Nature of Management
Management is multidisciplinary in nature
It is a continuous process
It is a universal activity
It is a science as well as an art
It is dynamic and not static
It is a profession
It is a group activity
It aims at obtaining wealthy results
It implies skills and experience in getting things done through by
people
It is a system of authority
It is intangible
It implies good leadership
 Importance of management
Attainment of group goals
Effective functioning of business
Resource development
Management controls the organisation
Sound organisation structure
Integrates individual efforts
Motivation
Communication
Co-ordination
Decision making
Leadership quality
Management is needed at all levels
 Management Functions
Classical Updated
Management Functions Management Functions

Planning Making Things Happen

Controlling Meeting the Competition

Organizing Organizing People,

Projects, and Processes
Leading
Leading

2
 Levels of Management
Top Level Management CEO
COO
CIO
Middle Level Management General Mgr
Plant Mgr
Regional Mgr
First-Line
Management
Office Manager
Shift Supervisor
Department Manager
Team Leader
3
 Top Managers
Responsible for…

Creating a context for change

Developing attitudes of commitment

and ownership in employees

Creating a positive organizational

culture through language and action

Monitoring their business environments

3.1
 Middle Managers
Responsible for…

Setting objectives consistent with top

management goals, planning strategies

Coordinating and linking groups,

departments, and divisions

Monitoring and managing the performance

of subunits and managers who report to them

Implementing the changes or strategies

3.2 generated by top managers
 First-Line Managers

Responsible for…

Managing the performance of

entry-level employees

Teaching entry-level employees

how to do their jobs

Making schedules and operating plans based on

middle management’s intermediate-range plans

3.3
 Managerial Roles
Interpersonal Informational Decisional

Figurehead Monitor Entrepreneur

Leader Disseminator Disturbance

Handler
Liaison Spokesperson
Resource
Allocator

Negotiator

Adapted from Exhibit 1.3

4 H. Mintzberg, The Nature of Managerial Work (New York: Harper & Row, 1973)
 What Challenges Do Managers
Face?
Developing the appropriate skills
for managerial work

Avoiding “typical” managerial

mistakes

Making the transition from individual

contributor to manager
 Managerial skills

5
 Mistakes Managers Make
1. Insensitive to others
2. Cold, aloof, arrogant
3. Betrayal of trust
4. Overly ambitions
5. Specific performance problems with the business
6. Overmanaging: unable to delegate or build a team
7. Unable to staff effectively
8. Unable to think strategically
9. Unable to adapt to boss with different style
10. Overdependent on advocate or mentor
Adapted from Exhibit 1.5
6 McCall & Lombardo, “What Makes a Top Executive?” Psychology Today, Feb 1983
 The First Year Management
Transition
Initial Assumptions Reality

 Exercise formal authority  Cannot be “bossy”

 Manage tasks,  Manage people,
not people not tasks
 Help employees  Coach employee
do their jobs performance
 Hire and fire  Fast pace,
heavy workload