BUILDING SERVICES TWO

(BLD60503)

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION

Prepared by Tan Hee Chai

 BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Earth Straps

• All metal works in electricity hazardous areas

• All electrical outlet points must have a screwed terminal
earthing point.
• Must be bonded together and strapped to a tested
earth leakage point.
• Also to taps, waste outlets, grab handles, and any metal
work
• This is to prevent significant voltage differences at any
point contact.
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Cables

May be flexible or rigid & consist of

conductors, insulation and mechanical
protection.

• Portable appliances – use flexible

• Permanent wiring installations – rigid.
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

• Conductors must be material of low

electrical resistance which convey current
with smallest voltage drop.
• Regulation requires voltage drop from
consumers’ terminal to any point not
exceed 2.5% of declared nominal supply
voltage when carrying full current load.
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Copper most common used as conductors

due to
• tenacious (firm hold)
• highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion.
• Malleable and ductile (easily bend into shape like
wire)when in anneal state
• Very low electricity resistivity
• Resistance increased when hot
• Copper wires easily joined by soldering
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Aluminium as alternative conductors

• Cheaper than copper though not so corrosion

resistant.
• 25% large in diameter that copper required to carry
same current load.
• Less dense, so lighter than copper.
• Larger circumference require more material for
insulation.
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Insulating materials used for internal circuits include:

PVC
• A good insulating material
• Good resistance to moist oils, acids and alkalis
• Not greatly affected by sunlight but soften at high
temperature above 80º Celsius and brittle at low
temperature.
• Water resistant and self extinguishing in event of fire.
• Become corrosive at high temperature above 115º
C
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Insulating materials used for internal circuits include:

Butyl rubber and silicone rubber

• Both used as insulators particularly in high
temperature

Paper
• Common for underground cables and in industrial
buildings as an additional means of
insulating/sleeving cables
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Insulating materials used for internal circuits include:

Magnesium oxide powder

• In a compressed form and must contained in sheath
which protects it from moisture.
• Sheath is of copper
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

Insulating materials used for internal circuits include:

Mineral insulated copper sheathed (MCIS) cables

• Used below ground provided adequate precautions
are taken against ingress of moisture.
• Copper sheath maybe covered with PVC as
protection against environment which is corrosive to
copper.
• Suitable for high temperature situations and those
contact with oil or grease
• Requires special joint and technique for sealing
cables
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
Fixing of cables:
• Termination must not subject to strain
• Regulation requires degree of support when run in
accessible situations.
• Unsheathed cables in conduits must be supported
by bends with proper radius when cable length
exceeds 5m.
• Non-armoured, lead sheathed cables must be
supported at intervals not exceeding 2m
• Cables are enclosed in conduit and trunking for
commercial buildings, hospitals etc
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)
BUILDING | SERVICES | TWO
(BLD60503)

The End