HYDROPNEUMATICS

SARATHKUMAR C
214117003
G.Thrived
214117010
Compressibility
• All gases are compressible. Air is no exception.
• The property of compressibility of air is its major
advantage for being used in manufacturing field and
industries.
• But it is at disadvantage when accurate movement of
load or end effector is our prime concern
 Why Hydro Pneumatics?
• Pneumatic actuators poses problems with
the air compressibility ,that is achieving finer
movement machine tool elements or the end
effector is difficult
• Behavior of air flow with fluctuation loads,
slows down on increasing load and accelerates
or jumps on sudden decrease in load
• Stabilized movement of air with fluctuating
loads
 Methodology
• Need to stabilize or regulate the movement of
air cylinder by some external means
• Using hydraulic cylinder as check unit to the
pneumatic prime cylinder, vice versa is also
possible.
• This combined unit is called as hydro
pneumatic unit
 Air-oil reservoir system
• Used as controlling cylinder motion in hydro
pneumatic system
Working action-circuit diagram
• When air pressure build up it forces oil out in
the cylinder, which has an effect cylinder (1)
• When air supply stops, cylinder will have
return motion under gravity or external spring
load
• With the return of cylinder the oil is forced
back to reservoir
Hydraulic checkunit
• Working is same as air oil reservoir except that
hydraulic and pneumatic system have their
own circuits
• These two systems are connected with a
common piston rod and both have same
stroke length
• Hydraulic system acts a dashpot
Hydropneumatic cylinder
• Both hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders has
combined as a integral circuit.
• This integral circuit is called as hydropneumatic or air
hydraulic cylinder.
• Advantage is,
Compactness and simpler to install in the systems
• Disadvantage is,
Length of combined cylinder is increased
• Two cylinders arranged in tandem on a common
piston rod
• Rear end of this combined cylinder is acting as air
cylinder.
• As the piston rod passes the both end covers of
hydraulic cylinder, there equal displacement of oil
either direction.
• As soon as the pneumatic valve reversed , the
cylinder motion will also reverse.
Parallel check circuit
• Air and oil are kept in two separate cylinders, but the
cylinders are coupled in parallel as shown in figure.
• In this a closed oil leg which can be regulated by
means of a restrictor, check valve installed between
two chambers of oil cylinder.
• Several mounting arrangements can be considered
based on the use and purpose view
• Leakage losses are found to be minimum and oil and
air will have least possibility to come in contact.
Integral air-oil cylinder
• Single acting cylinder with a piston at the centre and
one end is act as air cylinder and the other as the oil
cylinder.
• An important design point to consider is that the
displacement of oil cylinder should be equal on either
direction.
• A possible modification can done is that we can
arrange the middle portion of the pneumatic cylinder
as a hydraulic cylinder with cap end and rear end
acting as double acting air cylinder.
Types of feed
• The following are the usual types of feed for
hydropneumatic system
1. Controlled speed in both directions(via two preset
regulator valves).
2. Speed control of feed on the outgoing stroke(via a
regulator valve) with rapid return (via one way plate
valve).
3. Fast approach(via bypass valve) with controlled feed
(via regulator valve).
4. Fast approach (via bypass valve) with slow
return(via regulator valve)
Intensifier
• Compressed air can be used as a source of high
pressure hydraulic by employing an intensifier
cylinder.
• This is particularly attractive where the elimination of
a hydraulic pump is desirable and relatively low flow
rate are required on the hydraulic side.
• Compressed air is applied on the blind side of the
intensifier cylinder.
• The forward movement of piston induces the
plunger action on the smaller end which forces
the oil under pressure.
• A typical intensifier ratio would be 10:1
Comparision of hydropneumatic,
hydraulic and pneumatic system
Thank you