Different Scheme

Distribution Feeder ( 11kV & 33kV) : Over current Relay (Directional / Non
directional) Earth Fault Relay
(Directional / Non Directional)

Transmission Line (132kV) : Distance Relay –Switched Type (Main)

&
Directional O/C –E/F Relay (Back-up)

Transmission Line (220kV) : Distance Relay –Non Switched type (Main)

&
Directional O/C & E/F Relay (Back-up)

Transmission Line (400kV) : Line Differential Relay

or
Line Phase Comparison Relay
or
Line Distance Relay (Main-1)
&
Line Distance Relay (Main-2)
 Directional O/C & E/F Relay

Van

Ia

MTA 45º Lead

Vbc
POLARISING VOLTAGE

Vbn
Vcn
FORWARD

REVERSE
Current Differential Protection

RELAY RELAY
CURRENT PHASORS ARE SENT FROM
EACH RELAY TO OTHER RELAY
Via Dedicated Communication Channel
 Distance Protection Scheme/Feature

•IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT: REACTANCE / MHO –OFFSET

•SWITCHED / NON-SWITCHED TYPE

•UNDER-REACH / OVER-REACH

•PERMISSIVE UNDER-REACH / OVER-REACH

•TRIP ACCELARATION / TRIP BLOCK

•SWITCH-ON-TO-FAULT (SOTF)
 Distance Protection Zone

ZR

Z3F
Z2
Z1
ZL

Z3R
5% Z1
Z3-100%+100%longhest L 0.6sec

Z1-80% 40ms
Z2-100%+50% shortest L 0.3ms

B C
A
 Pilot Wire Protection

op

Current Bias Bias

Voltage Bias R
Bias

Op
Phase Comparison(PLCC)

Mod Coup. Eq Coup. Eq Mod

LS LS

HS Ph.Discr Ph.Discr HS

No Fault

Fault
Direc. O/C & E/F Protection

VOLTAGE POLARISED PHASE FAULT UNIT

I V
Direc. E/F Protection

VR
IRES
I I

VC -VR

VF
VF

VR

VRES
IRES VC