Feature Extraction

for Image Processing

Importance of Feature Extraction
DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION

It is worthwhile to represent structure and similarities between image in a fewer, higher-lever representation of their
pixel values

Without reduce the information in the image itself

INCORPORATION OF CUE FROM HUMAN PERCEPTION

Enhancing the qualitative evaluation of human’s observer can be done by the

use of the right kind of features represented/visualized

TRANSCENDING THE LIMIT OF HUMAN PERCEPTION

Helping human understand many image’s properties which human cannot perceive visually

NEED FOR INVARIANCE

Invariance such as changes in scale, location, brightness, and orientation does not necessarily change the meaning of
an image. Therefore, an invariant is needed without altering it’s information
Application of Feature Extraction in Medical Image
By purpose Goal Parameter Example
Screening Detect suspicious Rapid result Fundus
(detection) findings which can Low-cost photography
be disease of Mammography
evidence of it
Diagnosis Make a specific Succeeding the Diagnosis of
(classification) identification of a screening result aneurysm in retina,
problem carcinoma and cyst
in breast
Counting blood cell,
characterization of
chromosome
Therapy Evaluate region of Able to confirm a “Prescription
patient’s body prior certain kind of Image”
to treatment disease “Portal Image”
Various image
enchancement is
recommended
By representation
2D Function of location in 2 dimension
With intensity mapped as color value
3D Set of 2D image as function of location
within body (stack of slices)
3D + Time Set of 2D image taken over time
Form and Function The image intended to carry information
only about shape, texture, area, and any
particular information of interest

By specialty
Radiology Gray-scale image X-Ray, CT, MRI,
nuclear medicine
Pathology Color Use of staining on
the object of
interest
dermatology Color Video image of the
skin
Roots in Classical Method
Techniques employed in feature extraction, comprises the characterization of
connectivity, texture, and boundary which intended to enhance the limit of
human’s vision

Describing the region of the image also required including the statistic of
amplitude, boundary description, edge detection, topological measure, and
shape descriptor.

Kinds of transformation also applied for example Fourier Transform which

provides information about spatial frequency for the image

Other methods in feature extraction is applied including the similarity of

images with respect to it’s task either for screening diagnosis, or treatment.
Features Validation
It is essential to evaluate the extracted feature of an image, to set “gold
standard” of the information we would like to receive.

There are to kind of approach in order to validate the extracted feature:

1. Appeal to the first principle: determine the validation of the image’s
feature narrowly by theoretical argument of the related science
2. Use reference of data sets: Data sets which composed of correct diagnosis
of previous incident can be compared to our image and become the basis of
the validation of the image.