Gas

Elements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atmosphere

5.1
5.1
 Ciri-ciri fisik Gas:
• Gas mengikuti bentuk dan volume tempatnya..
• Gas adalah materi yang dapat dimampatkan.
• Gas akan tecampur rata seluruhnya apabila berada
dalam satu ruang yang sama.
• Gas memiliki kerapatan yang sangat rendah
dibandingkan dengan cairan dan padatan.

5.1
 Gaya
Tekanan= Luas
(gaya = massa x percepatan)

Satuan Tekanan:

1 pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2

1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
= 101,325 Pa
= 14.7 psi
= 29.92 in. Hg
Barometer
5.2
10 miles 0.2 atm

4 miles 0.5 atm

Sea level 1 atm

5.2
 Hukum Boyle
P α 1/V
Ini berarti tekanan dan
volume BERBANDING
TERBALIK apabila mil
dan suhu konstan (tidak
berubah). Contohnya, P
naik dan V turun.
Robert Boyle
P1V1 = P2 V2 (1627-1691).
Son of Earl of
Cork, Ireland.
Hukum Charles
Jika tekanan dan mol
konstan,maka V α T
V dan T BERBANDING
LURUS.
V1 V2
=
T1 T2 Jacques Charles (1746-
1823). Isolated boron
• If one temperature goes up, the and studied gases.
volume goes up! Balloonist.
 Gay-Lussac’s Law
Jika mol dan volume
konstan,maka P α T
P dan T
BERBANDING
LURUS.
P1 P2
=
Joseph Louis Gay-
T1 T2 Lussac (1778-1850)

If one temperature goes up,

the pressure goes up!
 Combined Gas Law
• The good news is that you don’t
have to remember all three gas
laws! Since they are all related to
each other, we can combine them
into a single equation. BE SURE
YOU KNOW THIS EQUATION!
P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2

No, it’s not related to R2D2

 And now, we pause for this
commercial message from STP

OK, so it’s really not THIS kind

of STP…
STP in chemistry stands for
Standard Temperature and
Pressure

Standard Pressure = STP allows us to

1 atm (or an compare amounts of
equivalent) gases between different
Standard pressures and
Temperature = 0 deg temperatures
C (273 K)
 Hukum Avogadro
V a jumlah mol (n)
Constant temperature
V = konstan x n Constant pressure

V1/n1 = V2/n2

5.3
 Persamaan Gas Ideal
Boyle’s law: V a 1 (at constant n and T)
P
Charles’ law: V a T (at constant n and P)
Avogadro’s law: V a n (at constant P and T)

nT
Va
P
nT nT
V = constant x =R R is the gas constant
P P

PV = nRT

5.4
 Pada kondisi 0 0C and 1 atm dinamakan standard
temperature and pressure (STP).
Percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa pada STP, 1
mol gas ideal memenuhi 22.414 L.

PV = nRT
PV (1 atm)(22.414L)
R= =
nT (1 mol)(273.15 K)

R = 0.082057 L • atm / (mol • K)

5.4
Density (d) Calculations

m PM m is the mass of the gas in g

d= =
V RT M is the molar mass of the gas

Molar Mass (M ) of a Gaseous Substance

dRT
M= d is the density of the gas in g/L
P

5.4
 A 2.10-L vessel contains 4.65 g of a gas at 1.00 atm
and 27.00C. What is the molar mass of the gas?

dRT m 4.65 g g
M= d= = = 2.21
P V 2.10 L L

g L•atm
2.21 x 0.0821 mol•K
x 300.15 K
L
M=
1 atm

M = 54.6 g/mol

5.3
 Gas Stoichiometry

What is the volume of CO2 produced at 370 C and 1.00

atm when 5.60 g of glucose are used up in the reaction:
C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)

g C6H12O6 mol C6H12O6 mol CO2 V CO2

1 mol C6H12O6 6 mol CO2

5.60 g C6H12O6 x x = 0.187 mol CO2
180 g C6H12O6 1 mol C6H12O6

L•atm
0.187 mol x 0.0821 x 310.15 K
nRT mol•K
V= = = 4.76 L
P 1.00 atm
5.5
 Hukum Dalton mengenai Tekanan Parsial

V and T
are
constant

P1 P2 Ptotal = P1 + P2
5.6
Consider a case in which two gases, A and B, are in a
container of volume V.

nART
PA = nA is the number of moles of A
V
nBRT nB is the number of moles of B
PB =
V
nA nB
PT = PA + PB XA = XB =
nA + nB nA + nB

PA = XA PT PB = XB PT

ni
Pi = Xi PT mole fraction (Xi) =
nT
5.6
 A sample of natural gas contains 8.24 moles of CH4,
0.421 moles of C2H6, and 0.116 moles of C3H8. If the
total pressure of the gases is 1.37 atm, what is the
partial pressure of propane (C3H8)?

Pi = Xi PT PT = 1.37 atm

0.116
Xpropane = = 0.0132
8.24 + 0.421 + 0.116

Ppropane = 0.0132 x 1.37 atm = 0.0181 atm

5.6
 Bottle full of oxygen
gas and water vapor

2KClO3 (s) 2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g)

PT = PO2 + PH2 O
5.6
5.6
 Chemistry in Action:
Scuba Diving and the Gas Laws
Depth (ft) Pressure
(atm)
0 1

33 2

66 3

P V

5.6
 Teori Kinetik Molekul Gas
1. Gas terdiri atas molekul-molekul yang
bergerak random.
2. Tidak terdapat tarikan maupun tolakan antar
molekul gas.
3. Tumbukan antar molekul adalah tumbukan
elastik sempurna, yakni tidak ada energi
kinetik yang hilang.
4. Bila dibandingkan dengan volume yang
ditempati gas, volume real molekul gas
dapat diabaikan.

5.7
 Penyimpangan Perilaku Ideal

1 mole of ideal gas

Repulsive Forces
PV = nRT
PV = 1.0
n=
RT
Attractive Forces

5.8
Effect of intermolecular forces on the pressure exerted by a gas.

5.8
PersamaanVan der Waals
Gas Nyata

an 2
( P + V2 ) (V – nb) = nRT
}

Tekanan volume
terkoreksi terkoreksi

5.8