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    Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which are smaller and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells, which make up plants, animals and other eukaryotes. All cells share some basic components like a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. They also vary in specialized structures - plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells have structures like centrioles and lysosomes. The cell was first discovered in the 17th century and its importance was established with the cell theory in the 19th century.

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    1. Intro, Cell Structure

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    Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which are smaller and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells, which make up plants, animals and other eukaryotes. All cells share some basic components like a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. They also vary in specialized structures - plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells have structures like centrioles and lysosomes. The cell was first discovered in the 17th century and its importance was established with the cell theory in the 19th century.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    52 views26 pages

    Intro, Cell Structure

    Uploaded by

    Zedge
    Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which are smaller and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells, which make up plants, animals and other eukaryotes. All cells share some basic components like a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. They also vary in specialized structures - plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells have structures like centrioles and lysosomes. The cell was first discovered in the 17th century and its importance was established with the cell theory in the 19th century.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 26

    CELLS

    Individual Activity:
    Create a Hugot or Banat
    about cell.
    What is a cell?
    • from Latin “cella”,
    meaning "small room“

    • is the basic structural,


    functional, and
    biological unit of all
    known living
    organisms.
    What is a cell?
    • is the smallest unit of
    life that can replicate
    independently,
    and cells are often
    called the "building
    blocks of life".
    QUICK FACT
    • The study of cells is called
    cell biology.
    Discovery of cell
    • The cell was first
    discovered by Robert
    Hooke in 1665 using a
    microscope.
    Discovery of cell
    • Observed very thin slices
    of bottle cork

    • Saw “row of empty


    boxes”

    • Coined the term cell


    Cell theory

    • (1839) Theodor Schwann


    & Matthias Schleiden
    “ all living things are made
    of cells”
    Cell theory

    •(50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow


    “all cells come from cells”
    Two Types
    of cell
    1.Prokaryotic Cells
    2.Eukaryotic Cells
    Prokaryotic Cells
    • The simplest systems
    that exhibit all of the
    signs of life.
    Prokaryotic Cells
    • Smallest types of cell,
    averaging 2-5 µm in
    length (micrometer),
    which makes them
    just visible under the
    light microscope.
    Prokaryotic Cells
    • Prokaryotes have a
    large array of abilities.
    Some of them live in
    the absence of oxygen,
    some live in extreme
    conditions of heat or
    cold, and etc.

    • E.g. Achaea bacteria's


    Eukaryotic Cells
    • are the type of living
    cells that form the
    organisms of all of the
    life kingdoms except
    monera.
    Eukaryotic Cells
    • Protista, fungi, plants
    and animals are all
    composed of eukaryotic
    cells.

    • E.g. Plant Cell, Animal


    Cell
    Structure
    of a cell
    Similarities
    • Nucleus
    - control center of the cell.

    • Nucleolus
    - takes up around 25% of the volume of
    the nucleus.
    - Its main function is to rewrite
    ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and combine it with
    proteins.
    Similarities
    • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
    - produces proteins and helps them fold
    properly.

    • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum


    - processes fats and steroid hormones.

    • Golgi Complex/Apparatus
    - Packaging site of protein.
    Similarities
    • Mitochondrion
    - Site of Cellular Respiration.

    • Ribosomes
    - Site of protein synthesis.

    • Nuclear Membrane
    - referred to as the nuclear envelope.
    - is the membrane that encloses the
    nucleus.
    Similarities
    • Cytoplasm
    - made up of liquid portion known
    protoplasm.

    • Cell Membrane
    - controls the entry and the exit of
    materials across the cell.

    • Centrosome
    - help organize microtubules.
    Similarities
    • Cytoskeleton
    - serves as the structural foundation of
    the cell.

    • Microtubules
    - helps support and give shape to the cell.

    • Vacuoles
    - storage of food and water in a cell.
    Plant Cell
    • Plastids
    - captures light energy from the sun to
    make food in plant cell.

    • Cell Wall
    - outer part of the cell membrane.

    • Chloroplast
    - converts light energy of the Sun into
    sugars that can be used by cells.
    Animal Cell
    • Centriole
    - Facilitates cell division.

    • Lysosomes
    - Contains enzymes used in cellular
    activities
    Representative Animal Cell
    Representative Plant Cell
    Reference(s):
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)
    http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Cells/What-is-a-Eukaryotic-Cell.php
    http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/what-is-a-cell-14023083
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_theory
    www.softschools.com/science/biology/function_of_nucleolus/
    http://study.com/academy/lesson/centrosome-definition-function-quiz.html
    https://www.google.com.ph/search?biw=1366&bih=667&noj=1&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=
    animal+cell&oq=animal+cell&gs_l=img.3...115978.117270.0.117622.6.6.0.0.0.0.0.0..0
    .0....0...1c.1.64.img..6.0.0.jyPA_zVFAj4#imgrc=isdZdsm8d-1s4M%3A

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