You are on page 1of 21

MINERAL RESOURCES

Presented by
Elza Baby
1st Year B.Pharm.
CONTENTS
• Significance
• National Mineral Policy
• Uses
• Principle minerals
• Environmental problem created by
extraction and mining
MINERAL RESOURCES
Minerals are naturally occurring , inorganic , crystalline , solids having a definite
chemical composition and characteristic physical properties .
ORE

 An ore is a mineral or combination of minerals from which a useful


substance, such as a metal, can be extracted and used to manufacture a
useful product.
Significance
 Economic development
 Minerals of vast economic importance - Mica, copper, lead, zinc
 Atomic energy minerals - Thorium, Uranium

Position of minerals in India


Rich in – coal, bauxite, barytes, iron, mica, gypsum, chromite, dolomite,
limestone
Deficient in – asbestos, phosphates, lead, tungsten, tin, platinum, gold,
diamonds
Need for an appropriate policy

Because mineral resources are;

 Finite and non-renewable


 Constitute raw materials for many basic industries
 Major resources of nations development
National Mineral Policy

Emphasize certain new aspects and elements as under:


 Mineral exploration in seabed
 Development of proper inventory
 Proper linkage between exploitation of minerals and development of
mineral industry
 Preference to members of the scheduled tribes
 Protection of environment from adverse effects of mining
 Adoption of proper mining method
 Optimum utilization of minerals
Uses Of Minerals
 Development of industrial plants and machinery.
 Generation of energy (Eg: coal, lignite, uranium)
 Construction, housing, settlements
 Defense equipments, weapons, armaments.
 Transportation means
 Communication- telephone wires, cables, electronic devices.
 Medicinal system- particularly in Ayurvedic system.
 Formation of alloys for various purposes ( Eg. Phosphorite )
 Agriculture – as fertilizers, seed dressings, and fungicides
( Eg. Zineb- containing zinc, Maneb - containing manganese etc.)
 Jewellery (Eg. Gold, silver, platinum, diamond)
MINERAL RESOURCES
MINERAL ESTIMATED MAJOR RESOURSES MAJOR USES
RESERVE

BAUXITE 283.3 Cr Andhra Pradesh, Bihar , Goa, Gujarat, Jammu & Used in cement,
tonnes Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh chemicals, face makeup,
soda cans, dishwashers,
and other aluminum
products

BARYTES 7.1 Cr tonnes Mangampet Taluka in Cuddapah District, Andhra Used as weighting agent in
Pradesh. Others – Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, drilling muds , as pigment
Himachal Pradesh, Bihar , West Bengal, in paints.
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar It is the primary ore of
Pradesh Barium.
Coal and Coal- 17,046 Cr Coal- Gondwana formations in West Bengal, Used as fuel. Create
Lignite tonnes Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh electricity, manufacture
Lignite- 438.8 Cr and Maharashtra. Tertiary formations in Assam, cement, steel, other
tonnes Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Jammu and industrial products
Kashmir and Nagaland.
Lignite- Neyyeli in Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir.

Chromite 5.4 Cr tonnes Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, For making high strength
Manipur, Orissa and Tamil Nadu. steel alloys in
textile/tanning industries

Copper 63.2Cr tonnes Singhbhum district (Bihar),Balaghat district Electric and electronic
(Madhya Pradesh), and Jhunjhunu and Alwar goods, building,
district (Rajasthan) , Khammam district (Andhra constructions, vessels
Pradesh)
Diamond 10.8 carats Panna belt in Madhya Pradesh, Ramallakota and Used in jewelry, as an
Bangampalle Chitradung rocks in Kurnool District and abrasive or in polishing or
gravels of krishnan River Basin in Andhra Pradesh cutting tools.

Dolomite 46.08 lakh tonnes Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Uttar Used in construction
Pradesh, West Bengal industry, source of magnesia

Gold 5Cr tonnes with Kolar field in Kolar District and Hutti Gold Field in Ornaments, medical use,
gold content 104.17 Raichur District (Karnataka) and Ramagiri Gold Field electronic use,in aerospace
tonnes in Anantapur district
Gypsum 120Cr tonnes Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir, Used in manufacture of
Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat plaster of Paris, Wallboard,
cement, soil conditioning

Graphite 46.5lakh tonnes Kerala, Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Used in lead pencils, as a
Pradesh dry lubricant in machine
parts, to make electrodes

Iron ore 1197.7 Cr tonnes Hematite- Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Used in production of iron,
(Hematite Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka manufacturing of steel
and Magnetite- West coast primarily in Karnataka. Also
Magnetite) in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Kaolin 87.2Cr tonnes Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Kerala, To control diarrhea.
Haryana, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh. Topically used as an
emollient and drying agent

Lead- Zinc 38.3 Cr tonnes Rajasthan, Meghalaya, Gujarat, West Bengal, Uttar Leaded gasoline, car
Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Sikkim batteries, paints

Limestone 6935.4Cr Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Used for concrete, building
tonnes Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan stone, in agriculture for
neutralizing acid soils, used
in cement Industry
 The United States of America, Canada, South Africa and Australia are
having the major world reserves of most of the metallic minerals.
 Due to huge mineral and energy resources, the USA became the richest
and the most powerful nation in the world in even less than 200 years.
Environment Problem Created by Extraction and
Mining

Aim of sustainable development- ensure mineral use is kept in a


minimum amount without having a negative impact on economic
growth.
The environment side effects :
1. Within and around the area covered by dam and reservoir.
2. Underground effects caused by emptying of area.
3. Regional effects.
 Geological Survey of India – GSI
 Indian Bureau of Mines - IBM
 Public Sector Mining Undertaking – PSU
1. Hindustan Zinc Limited
2. Hindustan Copper Limited
3. Bharat Gold Mines Limited
4. Bharat Aluminium Company Limited
5. National Aluminium Company Limited
6. Minerals Exploration Corporation Limited
Some Effects of Mining on the Environment

• Deforestation and loss of biodiversity are major effects of mining. It


destroys forests and wetlands.
• Some mining involves the inadvertent dispersal of heavy metals, such as
lead.
• Asbestos mining causes the dispersal of asbestos into the environment.
• Groundwater contamination
• Surface water pollution
• Air pollution
What Can We Do?

1. Find alternative resources


2. Develop efficient and reliable renewable resources
3. Reduce our use and avoid waste
4. Reuse what we can
5. Recycle

You might also like