By

M. Mayur
IVth CIVIL - SIETK,
PUTTUR.

1
Structure of Earth
Earth - three layers - Crust, Mantle, Core.
Crust - surface of Earth, Mantle – second inner part of
the Earth, Core - most inner part of the Earth.

2
What are Earthquakes?
• sudden movement - surface of the earth - may be tiny
or several feet.

• enormous amounts - of energy released – greater -

Nuclear Bomb.

• sudden shift of rock - fracture of Earth.

3
4
 Origin of Earthquakes
Earthquakes - Plate Tectonic Forces.

Theory of Plate tectonic forces -

He stated that continents moved from their original

position - Continental Drift.

5
Different boundaries - tectonic forces induces Earth:
Divergent boundary, Convergent, Transform boundaries.

6
Seismology
When earthquakes occur, waves travel in Earth in
form of vibrations, such waves are called Seismic
Waves.

Study of such waves - Seismology.

Instrument measuring seismic waves - Seismometer.

Graphs given by that seismometer - Seismic Graph.

7
8
Terms of EQ’s:
S e i s m i c Lo a d i n g
Main cause of Earthquake
S e i s m i c P e r f o r m a n c e :
Structure’s ability - functions - safety and
serviceability.
 S e i s m i c An a l y s i s
Major intellectual tool - Understand seismic
performance . of structures
9
Earthquakes affect RCC
structures too…

Slabs forces the beam

to bend with it when
horizontal forces act.

10
Earthquake resistant designs
Design - but it is analysis of forces - buildings due to
loads acting on it.

If a building is enough to resist the earthquake, then

such building is called Earthquake resistant structure.

Such design is called Earthquake resistant designs

11
Popular Earthquake resistant
Techniques

12
Introduction of Resistant
techniques
Thought - Base Isolation Devices - separate building
from ground by some rubber devices.

Seismic dampers - special devices - introduced in

building - absorb the energy - produced by seismic
waves.

13
Base Isolation Devices

14
Base Isolation Devices
Base isolation Devices - Active Control System which
contains:
• Sensors - measure external
excitation - structural response.
• Computer hardware and
software - compute control forces –
observed excitation.
• Actuators – provide –
necessary control forces.
15
Control Force Devices

Active Tuned Mass Dampers - natural extension –

experiments indicate 25% less damage.

Tendon Control – used even for active devices – works

when active devices are off – act by resisting tension
in structure.

16
17
18
19
20
Seismic Dampers

22
SD’s in structures:

23
24
Dampers are of:

 Viscous Damper
 Friction Damper
 Yielding Damper
Note points:
BID SD’S
 separating structures from  additional systems
ground by means of devices. introduced in structures.

Can be done when structure  even when structure is

is already constructed, but it completed, systems can be
is costly. introduced.

Cheaper compared to Very costly, since linked with

Seismic Dampers. hardware programmes.

28
Frames Resisting EQ’

29
30
31
Increase in Seismic
Performance
Quality Control in Construction.

32
33
34
CONCLUSION
We are only hope of tomorrow’s constructions.

WE ARE HERE ONLY TO PROVIDE

SAFETY TO PUBLIC TO LEAD THEIR LIFE

HAPPILY.

35
THANK

YOU… 36
37