HV SYSTEM

The power station CONTROL ROOM

STEP UP
TRANSFORMER LV SWITCHGEAR

AC & DC
HV- BREAKER AUXILIARY
SYSTEMS CONTROL
SYSTEMS

2 1
AUX. PROTECTION
TRANSF.
GOVERNOR
GENERATOR
1 BREAKER 2
STATIC
STARTER

PT’s
&
CT’s
SYNCHRONIZING

SYNCHRONOUS EXCITATION
TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEM

STAR
POINT EXCITATION
CUBICLE TRANSFORMER
 Overview of Electrical Systems

• Generators •EHV protections

• Excitation System •Black Start DG set
• Transformers •DC Systems
• MV Switchgear •415 V Systems
• EHV Switchgear •Fire protection
systems
• Generator
•Switchyard
protections
Equipments
 General Classification

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

AC 50 Hz SUPPLY SYSTEM D/C SYSTEM

220 KV 3 PHASE FOR BULK 220 V FOR UPS &

POWER TRANSMISSION
10.5 KV,15.75 KV 3 PHASE
GENERATOR OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
6.6 KV 3 PHASE FOR STATION
AUXILLIARIES
EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
24 V FOR SOLENOIDS,
CONTROLLERS
48 V DC IN SWITCHYARD

415 V 3 PHASE FOR LOW VOLTAGE

AUXILLIARIES

240 V SINGLE PHASE SUPPLY

GENERAL SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 Turbo generator
Excitation system
–Providing variable DC current with
short time overload capability
–Controlling terminal voltage,MVAR
and PF with suitable accuracy
–Ensure stable operation with
network and / or other machines
–Keep machine within permissible
operating range
–Contribution to transient stability
subsequent to a fault.
–Communicate with the power plant
control system
Generator details
GAS TURBINE GENERATOR :
170.12 MVA,10.5kV,field voltage
410 V,stator current-9354 A- 2
No
STEAM TURBINE
GENERATOR : 188.23 MVA,
15.75kV,field voltage 432 V,stator
current-6900 A- 1 No
Air cooled, 3000 RPM, 2 pole,
double star.
Four coolers in the generator for
cooling the air.
 GT Generator

• Apparent power • 170.12MVA

• Active Power • 144.6MW
• Current • 9354A
• Voltage • 10.5KV+/-5%
• Speed • 3000rpm
• Frequency • 50Hz
• Power Factor • 0.85
• Stator Winding • YY
• Rated Field current • 833A
• Rated Field Voltage • 410V
 STG Generator

• Apparent power • 188.23MVA

• Active Power • 160MW
• Current • 6900A
• Voltage • 15.75KV+/-5%
• Speed • 3000rpm
• Frequency • 50Hz
• Power Factor • 0.85
• Stator Winding
• YY
• Rated Field current
• 798A
• Rated Field Voltage
• 432V
Steam Turbine Generator
 If Synchronous Ug
Machine Grid

Excitation
System

Controller

The automatic voltage control system

 High voltage line Characteristic of Static Excitation System:
+ direct measuring of field -current, -voltage
Unit step up transformer
+ superior dynamic performance
(fast response)
Excitation transformer
+ field voltage reversing feature

+ very effective field discharge

AVR
Sensing PT
+ Ceiling factor not limited

+ field ground dedection availabel

SM
+ superior MTBF, MTTR
Thyristor Converter

Synchronous machine - Sliprings

Static Excitation System

Brush less excitation system

• Just positive ceiling voltage

capability

• Exciter response limited by the

exciter machine time constant
(>200ms)

• Field discharge with natural time

constant

• Supply from PMG possible

providing supporting of short
circuit currents

• Relative large size of exciter

machine for low speed generators

• No sliprings (less maintenance

and dust)
 Neutral terminal

• Grounding transformer
used to reduce fault
currents.
• The 100% stator earth
fault detection is also done
through this transformer
 Starting system

• SFC manufacturer-AEG Germany

• Rating-2.9 MW
• Modes of operation:washing at 600 rpm
• Boiler purging at 900 rpm
• Unit black start at link circuit current 2.7 MW 1360 RPM
• Power operation at max dragging 2.9 Mw 2100 RPM
 Transformers

• Generator transformer
• Unit auxiliary transformer
• Excitation Transformer
• MV/LV Transformers
• Lighting Transformers
 Generator transformer UAT
• Three Phase, 153.5 MVA, • Rating 25 MVA 10.5/6.9
BHEL make. kV
• Delta Star, neutral solidly • Cooling: ONAN/ONAF
grounded.
• Quantity of oil-13095
• 10.5/230 kV.
liters
• Cooling-
ONAN/ONAF/OFAF • On load tap changer at 12
• Off circuit Tap changer at positions
five positions
• Oil quantity:-39715 liters
 Busduct and UAT

Gen. Transformer
 System
• There are two Unit Transformers connected thru
GT, 10.5 KV Bus.
• These two Transformer make 2no. 6.6KV bus ( 11
&12 BBE) which in turn make another 2 bus thru
Ties.(OCA- A&B)
• A total 4no 6.6KV bus exists which are
interconnected thru Ties and Bus coupler.
• DG is also connected to OCA (A&B) bus thru
6.6KV Breakers.
6.6KV BUS SYSTEM
 Changeover Schemes

Changeover Schemes are divided in Two Group:

A. With Paralleling
B. Without Paralleling
Here there are Four Types of Schemes under these
Categories:
• MANUAL Changeover
• FAST Changeover
• SLOW Changeover
• BLACKOUT Condition
 Manual Changeover Scheme

Features:

• It is a planned changeover.
• Thru Operator Intervention.
• No Interruption in Voltages.
• Thru Synchronizing Relay
 Manual Changeover Scheme
Scope:

1. Bus coupler at OCA

2. UAT Incomer ( BBE01&2)
3. DG Breaker 1&2
4.Tie Breaker at OCA( Tie1 &2)
 Manual Changeover Scheme

Example :

U1-B/C-U2 Changeover:
--Proven scheme
--Either of Breaker can be closed thru ECB.
--Choice of Breaker tripping is done thru Trip
selection switch.
 Fast Changeover Scheme

Feature:
• This is only for OCA Bus coupler.
• This changeover occurs when Voltage sink is
likely to occur.
• OCA Bus coupler will close in Auto without any
time delay. No manual Intervention possible.
• This changeover will take place in less than
200millisecond, hence chances of supply
interruption is very less.
 Slow Changeover Scheme

Features:
• This is a backup of Fast changeover.
• Bus coupler will close in auto after certain
Time delay and fulfillment of certain
condition
• Chances of unit survival depends on
situation
 Black Out Condition

Normally blackout condition means:

• 1. All GCB and HVCB open.
• 2. Both Unit Incomer Breakers Open
• 3. No Auxiliary Power at station.
At this moment our attempt to restore the
Auxiliary power as soon as possible.
 Black Out Condition

Under this Condition:

• DG set will take start in Auto
• All Aux. Feeders at OCA Bus will Trip
• Both DG Breakers will closed in Auto.
• Priority Transformer feeders will close in Auto,
also their LT Incomers(except PCC)
• Tie feeders at OCA and PCC will not Trip
• This all will be done thru Logics As:
 Black Out Condition Contd.

If due to any reason DG fail to start or DG Breaker

does not close in Auto :
• Start DG Manually
• Close the DG Breakers one by one
• Close the Priority feeders one by one.
 Black Out Condition --Normalisation

2. Thru GT1 and GT2 Transformer :

• Back charge the transformer and close the U1 and
U2 breaker thru manual Changeover. D1 and D2
will trip respectively in auto.
3. Thru Unit Start Up.
• Start Gas Turbine1/2 in Black Start mode. U1/U2
Breaker will close and D1/D2 will Trip in Auto.
 Black Out Condition
Others:
• During D1/D2 close condition—
• Only Priority feeders can be closed- i.e ODA A
&B Breaker( Only emergency section, ODC I/c-
A&B, and Common transformer breaker.)
• Other than Priority 6.6 KV fdr , no 6.6 KV fdr can
be closed
• 415V,ODA-B/C D&E , CW &Chlorination fdr.,
OSF MCC, Nox and Misc MCC can not be closed.
 Supply to Switchyard

Switchyard
 EHV Control and Switchgear
• Circuit Breaker
• Isolator
• Current Transformer
• Capacitive Voltage Transformer
• Lightning Arrestor
• PLCC equipment
• Bus Switching Schemes
• Disturbance recorder
• Event logger
• Remote telemetering units
Line diagram
 Bus Switching Schemes
Double main and Transfer bus scheme
Main Bus-2
Main Bus-1

Bus Coupler
Transfer
Bay

Transfer Bus

3 Generators 4 Transmission
lines
 PLCC System
Substation A Substation B
Wave trap

CVT
Tx Tx
Rx Rx
 Electrical Protections
• Generator and transformer protections
• 6.6 kV Protections
– Station transformer protections
– Motor protections
– Transformer protections
• 220 kV Protections
– Line protections
– Bus bar protection
– Breaker failure protection
VT Panel Protection Panel Terminal Box
Protection
Panel
Numerical Relays
Backside of relays
 Tripping Matrix

Tripping Relay
 Generator Protection:
Protection Functions (1)

27 81O
59 81U

87G
87G Generator differential
50/51 Over current protection
50 51V 51V/21 Voltage dependent backup
51
21 50/51N Stator earth fault
67N 50N
51N
59N Neutral displacement
67N Sensitive directional E/F
59N 27TN 27TN 100% Stator E/F
27 & 59 Under & over voltage
81U/O Under & over frequency
 Generator Protection:
Protection Functions (2)

24 32R Reverse power

32L Low forward power
32O Overload power
RTD
40 Field failure
46 Negative phase seq.
40 46 24 Overfluxing
32R
32L
27/50 Dead Machine (GUESS)
320
38/26 RTD Thermal protection
Interconnection
df/dt rate of change of frequency
dVø Voltage vector shift

MiCOM-P340-42
 Settings

• Reverse Power Frequency • -3.3 %

• Under frequency
• Overfrequency • 47.5 & 47.0 Hz
• 51.5 & 52 Hz
• Rotor earth fault • 5Kohm and 40 Kohm
• Stator earth fault • 14ohm
• Over Voltage • 127V/ 143V
• Under Voltage • 70V
• Over Current • 125%
• Under Excitation • 5.04V
• • 1.1-1.4
Overflux
• 25%
• Generator Differential • 33%
• Overall Differential • 33%
• REF • 5V
• Stator earth fault(95%) • 51% , 1.5Sec
• Unbalanced Load
STG GRP
 6.6 kV Protections
• Station transformer protections
– Three phase Over current protection.
– Earth fault protection.
– Restricted earth fault protection.
• Motor protection
– IDMT over current protection
– Earth fault protection
• Transformer protection
– IDMT over current protection
– Earth fault protection
 EHV Protections
• Line protections
• Transformer protections
• Generator Protections
• Bus bar protection
• Breaker failure protection
 Line protections
• Main I Distance protection (21-1)
• Main II Distance protection (21-2)
• Breaker failure relay.
• Trip circuit supervision relay
• Trip coil supervision relay.
• Fault locator
• Disturbance recorder
Distance Protection
Zone 3: 200%,1000mS
Zone 2: 120%,300mS
Zone 1: 80%, 0mS

A B
 220 kV Transformer protections
• Transformer Differential protection.(87)
• Three phase over current protection. (51)
• Earth fault relay (Phase current balance)
• Breaker failure relay.
• Bucholz relay
• Winding temperature relay
• Oil temperature relay
• Pressure relief device
DC SYSTEM
 DC Systems
• 220 Volts DC Gas Turbine batteries
• 220 and 24 Volts Station batteries
• 432 Volts UPS batteries
• 220 Volts Emergency Lighting batteries
• 48 V Switchyard Battery systems
 415 Volts System
• GT MCCs
– All the LT auxiliaries of Gas turbine including:
• Auxiliary lube oil pump
• Generator cooling water pump motors
• GT cooling water pump motors
• Ventilation fans
• Battery chargers
• Jacking oil pump motor