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  • Students: Kubelac Milan Paul Laslo Maria Amelia Lazar Gheorghe Lese Ioana General Medicine II, 3rd Series, Group 15

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    Ioana Lese
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    Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. It has been used for thousands of years by indigenous South American cultures but was popularized as a medicinal drug in the late 19th century. Cocaine can be administered in several ways but is most commonly insufflated or smoked. It produces short-term euphoric effects by increasing dopamine levels in the brain's reward system but regular use often leads to severe health issues and addiction. Due to the significant harms of cocaine abuse, researchers seek to understand and combat addiction through medical, social and policy-based approaches.

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    Cocaine

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    Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. It has been used for thousands of years by indigenous South American cultures but was popularized as a medicinal drug in the late 19th century. Cocaine can be administered in several ways but is most commonly insufflated or smoked. It produces short-term euphoric effects by increasing dopamine levels in the brain's reward system but regular use often leads to severe health issues and addiction. Due to the significant harms of cocaine abuse, researchers seek to understand and combat addiction through medical, social and policy-based approaches.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    95 views30 pages

    Students: Kubelac Milan Paul Laslo Maria Amelia Lazar Gheorghe Lese Ioana General Medicine II, 3rd Series, Group 15

    Uploaded by

    Ioana Lese
    Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug derived from the coca plant. It has been used for thousands of years by indigenous South American cultures but was popularized as a medicinal drug in the late 19th century. Cocaine can be administered in several ways but is most commonly insufflated or smoked. It produces short-term euphoric effects by increasing dopamine levels in the brain's reward system but regular use often leads to severe health issues and addiction. Due to the significant harms of cocaine abuse, researchers seek to understand and combat addiction through medical, social and policy-based approaches.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 30

    m   

     
     
    Students:
    Kubelac Milan Paul
    Laslo Maria Amelia
    Lazar Gheorghe
    Lese Ioana
    General Medicine II, 3rd Series, Group 15
    ñ   
    Drugs are substances that affect
    the normal state of mind,inducing
    various effects.
    There is a great variety of drugs,
    with many ways of administrations
    and effects.
    Drugs are a great danger and a social
    problem.
    à 

     "ates back 5000 years
     In Peru & Bolivia
     Coca leaves(2% cocaine)
     Chewed by Incas
     Mid to late 1850s, active
    ingredient of coca plants
    extracted
    à 

     Popularized in 1880s
     amous users:
    Sherlock Holmes
    Sigmund reud
     Combined with cigarettes
    à 

    mombined with drinks:
    Ȉ Marianiǯs moca Wine
    Ȉ moca mola (until 1903)
    mocaine become a patented
    drug
    à 

    Ȉ Banned in 1906 due to large number of addicts
    Ȉ By 1930 cocaine use steadily declinded
    Ȉ In late 1970ǯs cocaine began itǯs comeback
    Ȉ The use levels exploded around 1985
    Ȉ Nowadays cocaine use is popular
        
    ñ

    

     white, pearly product = salt, typically cocaine hydrochloride


     Usually Dzcutdz with baking soda, sugars, and local anesthetics
    m 

    
     Coke, "ust, Snow,
    lake, Blow, Girl
    0   

     9 hydrochloride is polar and is soluble in water

      practically insoluble in water

     m   
    sodium bicarbonate

     m   
    
    
     decreased dopaminergic signaling - chronic cocaine

    use - depressive mood disorders and sensitize this

    important brain reward circuit to the reinforcing

    effects of cocaine - intractable nature of addiction and

    relapse !!!
    [    
     serotonin receptors

     sigma receptor

     Sodium channels
    ¬      

      xtensively, 1% unchanged

     Liver Ȃ hydrolitic cleavage > benzoylecgonine + minor


    products

     Half-life 30-90 min.

      xcreted through the kidney Ȃ detectable B 

     ccumulation of metabolites in hair is possible


    "   
     blood, plasma or urine

     commercial cocaine immunoassay - cocaine metabolites,


    chromatographic techniques Ȃ each of these substances

     mautious interpretation of testing results

     passive or active usage

     smoking versus other routes of administration


    ‰ 
      

    1.Oral
    * APoor-man¶s´ crack-cocaine production
    * ACocoa puffs´
    * ASnow bomb´
    2. Coca leaf

    3. Insufflation/Snorting
    †. Injection

    5. Inhalation/Smoking
    "   ñ  
    * Oral ± onset in 2-3 min, peak in 15-20 min (duration:less than 1 h)
    * Injection ± onset in 10 sec, peak in 2-3 min (duration: †0-60 min)
    * Snorting ± onset in 10 sec,
    peak in 5 min
    * Inhalation ± peak in 1,5 min
    ¬ 
     fter isolation it was used to cure almost all the
    illnesses and maladies that were known to man (but
    soon addiction! )
     In the military : to enhance the endurance on
    manoeuvre
     Local/surface anesthetic (discovered by William
    Halstead) for eye and nasal surgery
     Vasoconstrictor it reduces bleeding and the
    systemic circulation of cocaine
    m "
     
    Three classical clinical characteristics that define
    addiction:

     Ãsychological dependence
     Tolerance
     Ãhysical withdrawal
    m   
    9   :
     Moderate euphoria  Increased energy
     Increased blood pressure  Increased heart rate
     monstricted blood  Decreased appetite
    vessels  Increased temperature
     Dilated pupils   ffects in the mNS!
     Mental alertness
    m   
    Ú
      : [   
     heart disease  nausea
     heart attacks  convulsions
     respiratory failure  blurred vision
     strokes  chest pain
     seizures  fever
     gastrointestinal  muscle spasms
    problems  coma
    "ue to its wide social impact, to its various
    ways of harming health and finally transforming
    normal people into shadows, we believe it's our
    duty to research ways of combating this habit and
    its effects, in a medically, pharmacologically,
    socially, firmly yet understandingly manner.

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