PLANT LAYOUT

Plant layout is the functional arrangement of machinery and equipment in a existing

plant. Plant layout may be defined as the floor plan for determining and arranging the
desired equipment of a plant , in the one best place , to permit the quickest flow of
materials at lowest cost and least amount of handling in processing the raw material
from the receipt of raw material to the shipment products .
Fundamental concepts of plant layout:
Plant layout is a plan for effective utilization of facilities for the manufacture of
products; involving a most efficient and economical arrangement of machines,
materials, personnel, storage space and all supporting services, within available floor
space.
TYPES OF DEPARTMENT:
Processing Department – This department performs machining assembly and
packaging
Service Department- These constituents the facilities provided keep the processing
department in operation without interruption
Administrative Service Department -This department administers sales ,engineering
,accounting ,production control department , etc.
PLANNING THE PROCESSING -
The plant layout engineer should obtain data on building elevation ,column spacing, door
and conveyors should be placed at a reasonable height to mal functioning and waste.
The traffic in the plant may be greatly by location store rooms close to the building
entrance.
PLANNING THE PLANT SERVICE FACILITIES
• Material received at a plant arrives via the particular forms of transportation which are
generally prescribed .
• Liquids such as chemicals are transported in tank cars, drums or pipelines .
• The receiving department must be well equipped to receive the material in all modes.
• The design of a receiving involves the following considerations.
 1)Space 2) climate condition 3) variety of vehicles
• STORE ROOM-A store room is the reservoir for raw material. Worked materials ,finished
products, maintenance supplies etc. are kept.
The functional requirements of a store room are:
• Protection to material
• Handling of the material
• Control points
INSPECTION ROOM:
The inspection room or quality control room should be located near the
production unit, so the samples from the production plant can be checked for its
quality requirements . The labs should be well equipped and should be properly
planned .
WATER STORAGE:
Water is used in the plant for variety of purposes . A plant must have adequate
water supply to crater all needs. By far the most reliable and effectiveness means
of fire protection is the automatic sprinkler system .
POWER AND LIGHTING SYSTEM:
This system follows the main part of the plant ,significant feature of the power
plant operations are :
1)for supplying steam. 2)supplying power to run motor. 3)providing light to plant
.4)power for surplus use .
 POLLUTION AND SAFETY
Safety is an important aspect followed in any industry. The plant has variety of compounds that are
hazardous to personal as well as environment .fire accidents ,exposure to chemicals are the major
hazards in the operation plant .hence safety and environment is given a careful attention .

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET :

Hazards identification:
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Physical state : Liquid
Odour: Almond like
Routes of entry : skin contact and inhalation
Medical conditions aggravated by exposure : Causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. Possible
risk of impaired fertility.
First Aid Measures
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper
and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately.
Skin: Get medical aid immediately. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes.
• Ingestion: Call a poison control Centre. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to
do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get
medical aid.
• Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air
immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Fire Fighting Measures Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate Foam.
Accidental Release Measures:
Spills/Leaks: Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. sand or earth), then place in suitable container.
Wear a self contained breathing apparatus and appropriate personal protection. (See Exposure
Controls, Personal Protection section). Remove all sources of ignition. A vapor suppressing foam
may be used to reduce vapours.
Handling and Storage:
Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before
reuse. Ground and bond containers when transferring material. Use spark-prooftools and
explosion proof equipment. Do not get in eyes, on skin. Keep container tightly closed. Do not
ingest or inhale. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to
heat, sparks. Use only with adequate ventilation. Keep away from heat .
Storage: Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a cool, dry,
well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles.
Skin: Wear appropriate gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European
Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 .
Stability and Reactivity
Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and
handling conditions.
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, incompatible materials, ignition sources.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Substance can dangerously react with nitric acid,
phenol, aluminum chloride, aniline, glycerine, silver perchlorate, di nitrogen tetroxide, caustics,
tin, and zinc.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.