The Wrist and Hand

Joints
Anatomy and Kinesiology
420:024
The Wrist and Hand Joints
 Many sports require precise functioning of
wrist & hand
 Archery, bowling, golf, baseball, tennis, etc.
require combined use of wrist & hand joints
 Very complex
 29 bones
 25 joints
 33 muscles
Objectives
 Bones, bony landmarks and joints
 Muscles
 Movements
Bones

 29 bones, including radius & ulna

 Carpals (8)
 Two rows of 4 bones
 Metacarpals (5)
 Numbered 1-5
 Phalanges (14)
 Three for each finger
 Two for the thumb
 Thumb has a sesamoid bone in its flexor
tendon
 Other sesamoids may occur in joints of fingers
Bones

 Carpal bones form a three-sided arch

 Concave on palmar side
 creates the carpal tunnel
 Frequently a source of problems known as carpal tunnel
syndrome
Wrist and Hand Joints
 Radiocarpal joint
 Biaxial ball and socket

 Intercarpal joints
 Gliding/nonaxial

 Carpometacarpal joints
 Fingers – Gliding/nonaxial

 Thumb – Biaxial saddle

Wrist and Hand Joints
 Metacarpophalangeal joints
 Fingers – Biaxial ball and socket

 Thumb – Uniaxial hinge

 Proximal interphalangeal joints

 Fingers – Uniaxial hinge

 Distal interphalangeal joints

 Fingers – Uniaxial hinge

 Interphalangeal joint
 Thumb – Uniaxial hinge
Objectives
 Bones, bony landmarks and joint
 Muscles
 Movements
Wrist and Hand Muscles
 Extrinsic muscles (15)
 All multiarticular
 Elbow/wrist/hand (1)
 Elbow/wrist (6)
 Wrist/hand (8)
 Intrinsic muscles (18)
Extrinsic Wrist and Hand Muscles (15)
 Elbow, Wrist and Hand (3)
 Elbow flexion, wrist flexion, finger flexion (1)
 Elbow extension, wrist extension, finger extension (2)
 Fingers 2, 3, 4, 5
 Pinky
 Elbow and Wrist (6)
 Elbow flexion, wrist flexion (3)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 1 flexor only
 Elbow flexion, wrist extension (2)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 Elbow extension, wrist extension (1)
 Wrist adductor
 Wrist and Hand (6)
 Wrist flexion, finger flexion (1)
 Wrist flexion, thumb flexion (1)
 Wrist abductor
 Wrist extension, index finger extension (1)
 Wrist extension, thumb extension (2)
 Wrist abductors
 Wrist flexion, thumb abduction (1)
 Wrist abductor
Attachments
 Elbow, Wrist and Hand (3)
 Elbow flexion, wrist flexion, finger flexion (1)
 Elbow extension, wrist extension, finger extension (2)
 Fingers 2, 3, 4, 5
 Pinky
Attachments
 Elbow, Wrist and Hand (3)
 Elbow flexion, wrist flexion, finger flexion (1)
 Elbow extension, wrist extension, finger extension (2)
 Fingers 2, 3, 4, 5
 Pinky
Attachments
 Elbow and Wrist (6)
 Elbow flexion, wrist flexion (3)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 1 flexor only
 Elbow flexion, wrist extension (2)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 Elbow extension, wrist extension (1)
 Wrist adductor
Attachments
 Elbow and Wrist (6)
 Elbow flexion, wrist flexion (3)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 1 flexor only
 Elbow flexion, wrist extension (2)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 Elbow extension, wrist extension (1)
 Wrist adductor
Attachments
 Elbow and Wrist (6)
 Elbow flexion, wrist flexion (3)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 1 flexor only
 Elbow flexion, wrist extension (2)
 1 wrist abductor
 1 wrist adductor
 Elbow extension, wrist extension (1)
 Wrist adductor
Attachment Rules
 Elbow/Wrist/Hand and Elbow/Wrist Muscles
 Wrist Flexors
 Proximal: Medial or Lateral epicondyle of humerus
 Distal: Depends
 Wrist Extensors
 Proximal: Medial or Lateral epicondyle of humerus
 Distal: Depends
Attachments
 Wrist and Hand (6)
 Wrist flexion, finger flexion (1)
 Wrist flexion, thumb flexion (1)
 Wrist abductor
 Wrist flexion, thumb abduction (1)
 Wrist abductor
 Wrist extension, index finger extension (1)
 Wrist extension, thumb extension (2)
 Wrist abductors
Attachments
 Wrist and Hand (6)
 Wrist flexion, finger flexion (1)
 Wrist flexion, thumb flexion (1)
 Wrist abductor
 Wrist flexion, thumb abduction (1)
 Wrist abductor
 Wrist extension, index finger extension (1)
 Wrist extension, thumb extension (2)
 Wrist abductors
Attachment Rules
 Wrist/Hand Muscles
 Wrist Flexors
 Proximal: Anterior or Posterior forearm
 Distal: Depends
 Wrist Extensors
 Proximal: Anterior or Posterior forearm
 Distal: Depends
Intrinsic Muscles (18)