CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

HISTOLOGY DEPARTMENT
DR RATNAYANTI
 Cardiovascular System
• Cardio = Heart

• Vascular = Vessels
–Blood Vessels
–Lymph Vessels
 Basic Histology
• Tunica Intima
–Epithelial tissue = endothel
–Connective tissue
• Tunica Media
–Muscle
• Adventitia Tunic
–Connective tissue
HEART
 HEART
• Chamber
• Wall
• Valve
• Cardiac Skeleton
• Conducting System
Hearth Chamber
Superior Caval Vein

PULMONARY CIRC
• RIGHT ATRIUM

• RIGHT VENTRICLE

Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein

SYSTEMIC CIRC • LEFT ATRIUM

• LEFT VENTRICLE

Aorta
 Heart Wall
• Musculatory Organ:
– Cardiac muscle
– Supporting tissue
• 3 layers:
– Endocardium
– Myocardium
– Epicardium
Pericardium
 1. endocardium
• Inner layer
– endothelium with subendothelial connective tissue
• Middle layer
– connective tissue with smooth muscle and elastic
fibers
• Outer layer
– continuous with connective tissue of myocardium
containing vessels and adipocytes/subendocardial
layer
 2. myocardium
• Middle layer
• Thickest layer
• Composed of cardiac muscle cells:
– Striated
– large nucleus
– Branching
– Intercalated disk
 3. epicardium
• Epithelial tissue: mesothel  visceral
pericardium
• Loose connective tissue:
– Coronary blood vessels
– Adipose
– Nerve
 Pericardium
• Heart sac
• Consist of (outer  inner):
– Fibrous Pericardium: CT
– Serous Pericardium:
• Parietal pericardium
Pericardial cavity
• Visceral pericardium
 Hearth Valve
• Endocardium derived
– Endothelial lining on surface
– Core: dense irregular connective tissue with many
elastic fibers
• Types:
– Pulmonal - Tricuspi
– Aorta - Bicuspid/Mitral
• Chorda tendinae
• Papillary muscle
BLOOD VESSELS
 Basic Histologic Structure
• Tunica Intima:
– Endothel
– Subendothel c t
– Internal elastic lamina

• Tunica Media:
– Muscle: smooth
– External elastic lamina

• Tunica Adventitia:
– Loose connective tissue
 Classification
• Artery • ARTERY :
• Vein – Elastic
• Capillary – Muscular
– Small Artery
Based on: – Arteriole
• Lumen diameter • VEIN:
• Thickness of layers – Large Vein
• Structure of layers – Medium Size
– Small Vein/Venule
 The Difference of Artery and Vein
• Luminal Shape
• Content
• Thickness of Layer
• Vassa vasorum
THANKYOU