STRAINER

• A strainer is used to protect other downstream equipment (e.g.,

pumps, instrumentation) from damage by rogue junk. A filter is
employed to separate particles from the fluid.
TYPE OF STRAINER
Strainer screens
• There are two types of screens used in strainers:

• Perforated Screen
• Mesh Screen
• Perforated Screen
• These are formed by punching a
large number of holes in a flat
sheet of the required material
using a multiple punch. The
perforated sheet is then rolled
into a tube and spot welded
together. These are relatively
coarse screens and hole sizes
typically range from 0.8 mm to
3.2 mm. Consequently,
perforated screens are only
suitable for removing general
pipe debris.
• Mesh Screen
• Fine wire is formed into a grid or mesh
arrangement. This is then commonly layered
over a perforated screen, which acts as a
support cage for the mesh. By using a mesh
screen, it is possible to produce much
smaller hole sizes than with perforated
screens. Hole sizes as small as 0.07 mm are
achievable. Subsequently, they are used to
remove smaller particles which would
otherwise pass through a perforated screen.
Mesh screens are usually specified in terms
of ‘mesh’; which represents the number of
openings per linear inch of screen,
measured from the centre line of the wire.
FILTER PRESS

filter press is a tool

used in separation
processes,
specifically to
separate solids and
liquids.
filter packs
STEP 1. PRESS CLOSE AND CLAMP
Filter plates are pushed together
to form a series of filter chambers.
After initial closing, a high pressure
hydraulic cylinder clamps the plates
securely together to prevent
leaking
during the dewatering and air
blowing cycles.
STEP 2. SLURRY FEED AND
DEWATERING
After the plates are clamped
together, an internal feed manifold is
formed by the plate cores. Slurry is
pumped through the feed core and
is directed between the two filter
cloths that form each chamber. Flow
continues until the chambers are full
STEP 3. MEMBRANE SQUEEZE
(OPTIONAL)
When filter cakes are compressible
or have the potential to crack,
specially designed membrane plates
are used to mechanically compress
the cakes.
 STEP 5. PRESS OPEN AND CAKE DISCHARGE
STEP 4. CAKE AIR BLOW
Filter cloths are suspended from spring
Compressed air is fed into one side
supported
of each chamber, displacing cake
bars. As the press opens, the filter plates are
moisture in the filter cake. The air
separated in rapid succession. As each chamber
and displaced liquid exits through
opens, the weight of the filter cake pulls the
the
filter cloth down. At the end of the spring travel,
filtrate ports ensuring a consistently
the sudden stop shears the cake from the
dry cake.
cloths, allowing cakes to rapidly and completely
discharge.
 STEP 7. CLOTH WASH
STEP 6. BACKUP DISCHARGE MECHANISM
With the diverter doors closed and the press open,
If abnormalities in the operating process arise
stationary showers affixed to the top of the filter
which result in incomplete cake release, a backup
plates are actuated, washing all of the exposed
cake discharge assist mechanism is automatically
filter cloths. The wash water flows down the entire
activated. Rails are lifted into contact with the
face of the cloths for a complete and efficient
lowered cloth support assembly and its attached
cleaning. This extends cloth life and ensures
cake. A vibration system is then activated to
positive press sealing.
dislodge the sticking cake, ensuring complete cake
discharge without manual intervention.
CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION
• the removal of a liquid from a slurry by introducing the slurry into
rapidly rotating basket.
• A centrifuge consists of a basket in which mixture of solid and liquid ,
or mixture of two liquids is rotated at high speed so that it is
separated into its constituents by the action of centrifugal force.
Advantages & Disadvantages:
Advantages of a centrifuge:
• 1- It is capable of handling slurries with high proportions of solids .
• 2- The final product has generally, a very low moisture content if
compared to a filter cake of a similar material.

Disadvantages:
• 1- Batch process
• 2- It involves a considerable labor cost, making the process expensive.