Raymond G.

Blanco
DOLE Accredited OSH Practitioner / FSE
Objectives

Know the Who, What,

When, Where and Why of JHA
Know HOW to perform a
JHA
•Flowchart
•Guidance/Tips
•Considerations
What is JHA?
(Hazard and Effect Management Process)

Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is

the application of HEMP at
the task level, identifying
and assessing the hazards
of each element of the task
and defining appropriate
controls and recovery
measures.
Where and When is JHA applied?

Routine tasks that have the potential for serious incidents or

have a history of incidents, including near misses
New tasks or tasks introducing new work methods
Routine tasks being carried out in unusual circumstances
Non-routine or one-off tasks
As a verification of the hazard management elements of an
established work procedure
Who Performs JHA ?

 JHA is normally a team exercise

involving 3 to 5 people.
 The JHA Leader should have a
level of technical competence
relevant to the job to be analyzed
and be a competent JHA Leader.
 For simpler tasks, a small team
led by the supervisor of the activity
should be sufficient.
 Tasks of greater complexity may
involve - safety advisers, area
supervisors or the asset owner.
Conducting JHAs

JHAs may be conducted on

an existing task or prior to a
task, during the planning
stage. Three principal ways
of conducting JHAs are :
 Direct Observation
 Group Discussion
 Recall and Check.
 Conducting JHAs
Direct observation
People doing the analysis
actually observe the job being
done. The advantages of direct
observation are threefold:
Recognition - seeing the job
stimulates recognition of
potential accidents more
effectively than memory.
Experience - Employees doing
a job regularly are a rich source
of information about accidents
and near accidents associated
with their job
Environment - The influence
of the environment and
interface with other work can
be more readily appreciated.
Conducting JHAs
Group Discussion
The
participants in The JHA leader
the discussion should be able to
 Use of collective
should be stimulate a group to
experience to identify
those with obtain the maximum
the job steps, the
most contribution from each
potential accidents in
knowledge of its members and
each and develop
about the job. guide the discussion
good solutions.
down the most
productive paths.
Conducting JHAs
Recall & Check
This preliminary
 The individual version is checked
supervisor by discussing it
prepares a with others or by
preliminary version directly observing
of the JHA on the parts of the job
basis of recall about which there
rather than of may be doubts.
direct observation
of the job.
Outline of JHA Process Initiate the JHA:

Identify task scope

and JHA objectives

Break down task into

basic steps

For each step:

Identify hazards and Identify hazard Define controls and

threats potential recovery measures

...in the context of the work environment

Record results:

Summarise:
- the task steps
- hazards
- controls and recovery measures
JHA Process
Breaking Down the Task
 Describing what is to be done, and in what
sequence. Balance must be made between
too much and too little detail.

Each step description should:

provide a statement of what is to be done
begin with an action verb (install, remove, assemble etc)
end with the subject being discussed (pump, valve, hoist etc)
omit reference to hazards.
JHA Process
Identifying Hazards and Potential Incidents

 Examine each basic step for

hazards that could be  Structured questions should be
present as a result of the applied to each step to stimulate
task itself or of the work discussion about the various risk
environment. factors.

 Consider the departures from

expected circumstances that could
release or expose the hazard, and the
potential incident that could result.
JHA  Assessing risk
associated with each
The assessment is
Process hazard or the a coarse
Assessing consequence of approximation
Hazards hazardous events &
the likelihood of its
and should be
occurring can be used reached without
to set the level & protracted
Priority of control &
recovery
debate

 A simplified Likelihood
version of the Severity Low Medium High
RAM can be Low L L M
used very
Medium L M H
effectively for
Job Hazard High M H
Analysis. H
JHA Process
Controls and Recovery
Measures
Controls and recovery
measures should be
developed from an
overview of the complete
task and the risks involved.

If no radical solution presents itself, each hazard and

potential incident should be examined and control
measures identified.
Recording the JHA
 Summary information for
each JHA should include:
• the scope of work
• assumptions made
• position/qualifications
of team members
• abbreviations used, etc.

Where a program of JHAs has

A copy of this summary should been undertaken, the results
be available at the workplace for should be filed in an
use as a site reference. appropriate reference manual.
Review and Update of JHAs

When reviewing the JHA on completion of

To ensure that the the job, the following should be
experience & information considered:
gained by doing the job • changes to job circumstances
remains available, the
JHA team should, at the • unforeseen hazards
completion of each job, • external influences and interfaces
review and update the
original JHA.
Examples of Hazards
Hazards, hazardous conditions and hazardous activities

Hazards Hazardous Hazardous

Conditions Activities

Hydrocarbon liquids/ Extreme temperatures Vibration Manual handling

gases

Flammable materials Open flame Lighting Use of machinery

Explosives Electricity Extreme ambient Driving

temperatures

Material under pressure Electromagnetic radiation Temporary facilities Climbing /working

at heights

Differences in elevation Radioactives Non-breathable Confined spaces

conditions

Objects under stress Noise Stacking

Moving equipment/ Toxic substances/ Excavation work

vehicles chemicals

Natural occurrences Biological conditions

(weather, tides etc)
Job Factors - Work Environment

• Access/egress/escape
routes
• General workplace
conditions
• Portable tools
• Services and
consumables
• Hazardous substances
Job Factors - Task Factors

• Workload
• Workplace, Effort, Exertion
• Skill, knowledge and experience
• Complexity
• Time, timing
• Decision making
• Repetitiveness
Job Factors - Organizational Factors

• Training/familiarization
• Language/communication
• Supervision
• Rules and procedures
• Controls
• Norms
• Forms/ permits
• Resource levels
 Project Start-Up/Set-Up Meetings

Tool Box Safety

Meetings

Regular tool-box meetings chaired by

experienced site superintendent (foremen, etc.)
will be held to ensure site teams are fully aware
of the works and to discuss preventive measures
in JHA.
 Any Questions?

Thank you for your time..

 TASK: ____________________________

Job Steps Hazards Consequence Control

risk assessment matrix
Cabinet makers intro
Likelihood: table saw (FLASH)
- Estimate risk (FLASH)
- Add Guard (FLASH)
Consequence: painting (FLASH)
- Estimate risk (FLASH)
- Add low solvent paint (FLASH)
Both L&C: Painting (FLASH)
- Estimate risk (FLASH)
- Robotic arm (FLASH)
Fade to residual risk
Any risk that remains after controls have been implemented is called
residual risk
---== KLP3: How do we decide? ==---

How do you decide which

risk control to use?
Which is most effective?

Since there are so many risk controls to choose from, how do you know
which are the most effective?
 To help decide on the risk control there is a hierarchy of risk control
that you can use
1. Eliminate hazard

2. Reduce hazard

3. Prevent contact

4. Safe system of work

5. Wear PPE
 - Eliminate
The most effective method of risk control is to completely eliminate the
hazard
- - Remove
One way to eliminate the hazard is to remove it completely
- Reduce
If the hazard can’t be eliminated, attempt to reduce its potential to
cause harm
- - Substitute
Another way to reduce the hazard is to substitute it with a less
hazardous solution
If the hazard can’t be eliminated, attempt to reduce its potential to
cause harm
- Prevent
Next, prevent people from coming into contact with hazards by
separating them from each other
 - - Enclose
Enclosing the hazard behind a barrier is also an effective way of separating hazards
from people
- SSOW
A safe system of work details how activities should be carried out to
minimise risk
- PPE
Personal protective equipment is the last line of defence, since it’s
entirely reliant on each employee remembering to wear it
Behaviour is weakest

In general, risk controls that rely on people

are weaker than those that don’t
Examples – wet floor
Examples – running
Examples – latex
Examples – boiler
Waterworks intro
- Dual carriageway (FLASH)
- Eliminate (FLASH)
- Reduce (FLASH)
- Barrier (FLASH)
- SSOW (FLASH)
- PPE (FLASH)
- Build the hierarchy
Hierarchy conclusion
 Factors affecting decision

A number of factors may affect your risk control decision, such as:
• number of people you’re trying to protect
• reliance on behaviour
• maintenance
• cost
• reduction of risk
When is enough?

If elimination is the safer option, what would cause us to choose a

barrier instead?
Def: Reasonably practicable

Risks must be reduced

so far as is reasonably practicable
- Safety vs time

Risks must be reduced

so far as is reasonably practicable
- Arrows
Risks must be reduced
so far as is reasonably practicable
General guide
A general guide to controlling risks:
Play the game
Put risk control into practice
Office
Office controls
Factory
Factory answers
Construction
Construction answers