Professional Documents
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THE CHEMISTRY OF
CLEANING AGENTS
THE CHEMISTRY OF CLEANING AGENTS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
SURFACTANTS
• A surfactant molecule is
made up of a
water-soluble
(hydrophilic) part and a
water-insoluble
(hydrophobic)
component, which binds
to the dirt particle.
THE CHEMISTRY OF CLEANING AGENTS
LAUNDERING DETERGENTS
DRY CLEANING
HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS
• Alkalis are toxic and can irritate • Acids irritate and injure the skin
skin and eyes. Strong alkalis can
cause burns and if ingested, may and eyes.
lead to death.
PESTICIDES
ANATOMY OF TEETH
• Dental cavities or tooth decay damage the structure of the teeth, leading to
discomfort, infection and tooth loss.
THE CHEMISTRY OF CLEANING AGENTS
TOOTHPASTE
Toothpaste
• Aids in the removal of dental plaque and food from
teeth
• Helps to mask bad breath (halitosis)
• Contains fluoride that prevents tooth decay.
• Mechanical action of brushing teeth removes
stains from tooth surfaces
• An important active ingredient is fluoride:
Fluoride converts the enamel’s hydroxylapatite to a harder
mineral, fluoroapatite:
Ca5(PO4)3(OH) + F− Ca5F(PO4)3
Suppresses the ability of bacteria to generate acids
• Toothpaste also contains antimicrobial agents
such as:
Triclosan to kill bacteria
Zinc chloride or zinc citrate to stop growth of plaque
bacteria
THE CHEMISTRY OF CLEANING AGENTS
Mouthwash
• Aids in killing bacteria that cause cavities, gum disease and
bad breath
• Contains antiseptic and antiplaque ingredients
• Is not a substitute for brushing teeth
Dental floss
• Removes food particles trapped between teeth that cannot be
removed by simple brushing
• Made of thin nylon coated with active ingredients and abrasives
THE CHEMISTRY OF CLEANING AGENTS
PERSONAL CLEANING