LTE FDD MIMO Technology

ZTE University
Contents

 LTE MIMO Introduction

 Transmit Modes Theory
 MIMO Performance
 MIMO Application
What is MIMO?
 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple output)
A set of techniques that rely on the use of multiple
antennas at the receiver and/or transmitter. It can be
used to achieve improved system capacity and
improved coverage area.
Inputs and Outputs

Single Input Single Output Multi Input Single Output

Single Input Multi Output Multi Input Multi Output

MIMO: Single User and Multiple Users
MIMO Modes in LTE
 Mode-1: Minimum requirement
High priority for non-MIMO system
 Mode-2: High priority
 Mode-3: High priority for two antennas
Medium priority for four antennas
 Mode-4: High priority for two antennas
Medium priority for four antennas
 Mode-5: Medium/Low priority
 Mode-6: Medium priority for four antennas
 Mode-7: Low priority, especially for LTE FDD
Benefits of Different MIMO Modes in LTE

1 Mode 1 Single Antenna Port Correspond to Single Antenna Port

2 Mode 2 Transmit Diversity Provide Diversity Against Fading

3 Mode 3 Open Loop SM High Mobility Environment

4 Mode 4 Closed-Loop SM Improve Peak data rates

5 Mode 5 MU-MIMO Improve system Capacity

6 Mode 6 Codebook BF
Improve cell Coverage and
Suppress Interference
7 Mode 7 Non Codebook BF
Structure of Downlink Reference Signals
MIMO Modes in Downlink Physical Channel

Mode1 Mode 2 Mode3 – Mode 7

PDSCH   
PBCH  
PCFICH  
PDCCH  
PHICH  
SCH  
Contents

 LTE MIMO Introduction

 Transmit Modes Theory
 MIMO Performance
 MIMO Application
LTE Antenna Technologies

Single antenna TX Diversity SM BF

PDSCH    
PBCH  
PCFICH  
PDCCH  
PHICH  
RS 
SCH  
LTE Antenna Technologies Priority
 MIMO modes priority
 Transmit Diversity (SFBC) High
 Open loop SM (based on CDD) High
 Closed loop SM (pre-coding) High
 DOA based Beam-forming ( none codebook) TBD
 Closed loop RANK =1 Pre-coding (Beam-forming based codebook)
Medium
 Codebook priority
 4 types of codebook for pre-coding on 2 antenna: High
 16 types of codebook for pre-coding on 4 antenna: Medium
 Receiver Diversity priority
 Priority: High
 Consideration on Beam-forming
Transmit Diversity（2 Antennas）
SFBC + FSTD
 SFBC for two antenna ports

 SFBC + FSTD for four antenna ports

 Application Scenario for SFBC

 SFBC enhance system coverage
 SFBC application scenario
 Large Delay CDD
Spatial Multiplexing

 Code words≤ Layers ≤ Tx antennas

 Different data content —— Increase throughput
 More complex precoding —— Code book
Capacity in MIMO System

SISO

SIMO

MIMO
Application Scenario for Closed loop SM

Notes:
 Support antenna ports 2/4;
 Support one codeword and two codeword;
 Require RI and PMI feed back from terminal;
 RANK=1 corresponds to one codeword; RANK>=2 corresponds to two
codeword;
 One codeword is referred to codebook beam-forming;
 Be suitable for users with higher SNR in the centre of the cell
Application Scenario for Beam-Forming

Low correlation antenna

High correlation antenna

Beam-Forming in LTE
Contents

 LTE MIMO Introduction

 Transmit Modes Theory
 MIMO Performance
 MIMO Application
MIMO Simulation Results-Case 1
 Cell Spectrum efficiency  Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
2.2 0.06

1.8 0.05 0.05 0.05

4 0.042 4
0.04 0.04
1.4
1.34
0.04
7
0.04
7
5 0.04 5

1.0 0.03

0.8 0.02

0.4 0.01

0 0
1T2R 1T2R

eNodeB UE
MIMO Simulation Results-Case 2
 Cell Spectrum efficiency  Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
2.2 0.06

0.05 0.05 0.05

1.8 1.6763 4 4
0.0437
0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04
1.4 7 0.04 7
5 5

1.0 0.03

0.8 0.02

0.4 0.01

0 0
Rank
2T2R 2T2R

eNodeB UE
MIMO Simulation Results-Case 3
 Cell Spectrum efficiency  Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
2.2 0.06
1.7488 0.0495
1.8 0.05 0.05
4
0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04
1.4 7 0.04 7
5 5

1.0 0.03

0.8 0.02

0.4 0.01

Rank
0 0
4T2R 4T2R

eNodeB UE
MIMO Simulation Results
 Cell Spectrum efficiency  Cell Edge SE (5% CDF)
2.2
0.06
1.7480.05 0.0495
1.8 1.6763 4
0.05
0.042 0.0437
1.34 0.04
0.04
1.4 7
5 0.04

1.0
0.03

0.8 46dBm/Antenna Macro ISD 0.02

= 500m, 2*2 MIMO

0.4
0.01

0
0
1T2R 2T2R 4T2R 1T2R 2T2R 4T2R
25% 30% 4% 18%
Simulation Results of Different MIMO Modes

FR Average Cell Frequency Cell Edge Cell Edge Frequency

Throughput Efficiency Data Rates Efficiency
43dBm/Antenna Macro ISD
=500m,10,2*2MIMO,Rank
Case 1 Adaptive,20dB, 3km/h 1 8.5631 1.5774 0.2751 0.0507
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD
= 500m,4TxBF,Single
Case 2 Stream,20dB, 3km/h 1 13.9773 2.5747 0.9195 0.1694
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD
500m,4TxBFprecoding,
Case 3 Dual Stream,20dB, 3km/h 1 13.4308 2.4741 0.8935 0.1646
43dBm/Antenna Macro ISD =
500m,2*2MIMO,Rank
Case 1 Adaptive,20dB, 3km/h 3 21.7142 1.3333 1.0842 0.0666
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD =
500m,4TxBF,Single
Case 2 Stream,20dB, 3km/h 3 18.6087 1.1426 1.9028 0.1168
33dBm/Antenna Macro ISD =
500m,4TxBF,precoding,Dual
Case 3 Stream,20dB, 3km/h 3 28.6932 1.7619 2.2303 0.1366
Contents

 LTE MIMO Introduction

 Transmit Modes Theory
 MIMO Performance
 MIMO Application
Application Selection of Different MIMO Modes
LTE Antenna Correlation
Two antenna at eNB Four antenna at eNB

Ant3 Ant4

Ant1 Ant2
Ant1 Ant2

Case 1: Medium Correlation (4) Case 3: Low Correlation(4 or 10

between two Pairs)

Ant1 Ant2 Ant1 Ant2 Ant3 Ant4

Case 2: Low Correlation (10)

Be suitable for above 2GHz Case 4: High correlation (0.5)
Application Selection of MIMO Modes
Cell Center Cell Edge

Urban Area

High Speed

Medium
Speed

Low Speed（Indoor）

Cell Edge
Handset Adaptation to MIMO Modes

Mobility Speed Changes 2 Transmit Diversity

3 Open-Loop SM

Rank Changes 4 Closed-Loop SM

5 MU-MIMO

6 Codebook BF
Location to Cell Changes
7 Non Codebook BF
MIMO Modes Conclusion
Transmit Rank Channel Mobility Data Rates Location in
Scheme Correlation Environment the Cell
Transmit 1 Low High/Medium Lower Data Cell Edge
Diversity correlation Speed Rates
(SFBC)
Open-Loop SM 2/4 Low High/Medium Medium/ Cell centre/
correlation Speed Lower Cell Edge
Double Stream 2/4 Low Low Speed Higher Date Cell Centre
Precoding correlation rates
MU-MIMO 2/4 Low Low Speed Higher Date Cell Centre
correlation rates
Codebook 1 High Low Speed Lower Date Cell Edge
Beam-forming correlation rates
Non Codebook 1 High Low Speed Lower Date Cell Edge
Beam-forming correlation rates
MIMO Deployment Consideration
46~4
8F
 Scenario A  Scenario C 43~45
F
40~42
F
37~39
F
34~3
6F
31~33
F
28~30
F
Linear Antenna 25~27
F
22~2
 Scenario B 4F
19~21
F
16~18
F
13~15
F

10~1
2F
7~9
F
4~6
F
Cross-polarization
1~3
F