A Project Presentation On

“CFD ANALYSIS OF SCOOP TYPE SAVONIUS TURBINE FOR ENERGY

GENERATION IN A MOVING TRAIN”
KUPPAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Under The Guidance Of Prepared by

VINOD KUMAR P M.TECH P MOHAMMED TIPPU SULTHAN

Assistant Professor PRAVEEN KUMAR.N

ARUN KUMAR.V
 Introduction

At present, many countries are overly dependent on fossil fuels to meet their
requirement for power.

The known reserves of fossil fuels have depleted to a large extent due to its
continued use.

 If it continues, there is risk of complete exhaustion of these sources of energy.

Wind power is renewable source of energy and reduces our alliance on foreign
countries for supply of oil and gas.

So, This whole scenario is pushing the world to find the alternative sources of
energy.
Wind Turbine and its Types
A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical
power. Wind turbines are classified mainly into two groups
1. Horizontal Axis wind turbine (HAWT)
2. Vertical Axis wind turbine (VAWT)
Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT)
Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) have the main rotor shaft and electrical
generator at the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind.
Vertical Axis wind turbine (VAWT) Vertical Axis wind turbine (VAWT)
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (or VAWTs) have the main rotor shaft arranged
vertically. Vertical axis wind turbines are classified into different types but
following types are mainly using in different applications
1. Darrieus wind turbine
2. Savonius wind turbine
Methodology

1. Pre-Processing
2. Solver
3. Post processing
 Creating a geometry
In our project we are placing the turbine on the top of the train bogie to generate the electricity
when train is in motion.
This assembly is carried out in the software PTC Creo Parametric 3.0

Fig. Turbine placing on the top of the train bogie

Cont.…
Scoop type Savonius Wind Turbine is the simplest design which is a drag-type turbine. It
consists of two or three curved surfaces placed such that they look like an “S” shape in cross-
section.
Since it is a vertical wind turbine it need not be placed in specific direction for wind flow
Do

Do=1.2×d d
Cont.…
e=d/3
d=0.4

D
Fig.4.3 Basic Sketch of Savonius Wind Turbine
Cont.…
The turbine was designed by using a 3-D software called PTC Creo parametric 3.0.

Fig : Geometry of Scoop Type Savonius Wind Turbine

 Pre-Processing
Computational domain
The geometrical model of the computational domain is created in one of CAD systems and imported into FlowVision

Fig: Turbine With Computational Domain

Cont.….
Computational Model
The computational Model is defined by the set of initial data and set of phases and this are defined by the substances, phases and models of physical
processes

Substance

 A Substance is defined by the aggregate state and values of the physical properties.

 In this example, an Air flow is simulated, so we have to define one substance

Phase

 A Phase is defined by the set of substances and a list of physical processes and it is combined from predefined Substances.

 In this phase of the physical processes in the Properties window we are taking Newtonian fluid as a motion

Models

 A Model is built from predefined Phases. For each pair of Phases, an inter-phase interaction is defined. A Model that can contain one or two Phases and
the initial data for the equations to be solved is set in each computational subregion .This model contains only single phase which air as a medium.
Cont..
Defining Boundary Conditions
Boundary conditions are necessary for setting the parameters of a medium located on the boundary of the
computational domain

Fig: domain with boundary conditions

Cont.…
Boundary condition Type Variable Value

Domain inlet Inlet/outlet Normal mass velocity 20.4

Turbine Wall No slip -

Turbine shaft Wall No slip -

Bogie surface Wall No slip -

Remaining surfaces Free outlet Pressure 0

 If automatic facet grouping is performed when loading the geometry model of the computational
domain, a boundary condition will be created on each group of facets on its surface. By default, all boundary
conditions are of the Wall type.
Cont.…
Meshing
The computational grid is a set of cells into which the computational domain is divided.
Specifying the computational grid in FlowVision is divided into specifying of the
1. Initial grid (the entry level grid) and
2. The grid adaptation (on a surface and/or in a volume)
Initial grid
A uniform initial computational grid will be specified, i.e. a grid with constant steps along each of the coordinate axes.
To do this, in the project tree in the Pre-processor tab specify the properties of the Initial grid
Nx = 50
Ny = 50
Nz = 50
Cont.…
After specifying the initial grid, it is displayed in the view window like this
Cont.…
Grid Adaptation
Adaptation is accomplished by splitting the grid cells into smaller cells by half in direction of each coordinate axis X,
Y and Z (so each splitting divides a cell into 8 parts)
In our project, the Grid Adaptation will be specified on the surfaces turbine shaft and turbine, for both the surfaces we
are given as follows
Adaptation
Enabled = Yes
Max level =1
Cell Strata =2
 Solver
Specifying simulation controls
Simulation controls are specified in the Solver tab of the project tree. In the sections below we review specifying the
following simulation controls, which will be used for our project
1. Specifying the time step
2. Specifying the data autosave parameters
3. Specifying the Layers autosave parameters
Specifying the time step
Specifying the time step
Element Time step is designed to display and set the calculation's time step. Step time can be set in one of two
methods:
1. In the form of a permanent dimension value
2. In the form of a dimensionless parameter which is calculated by the dimensional time step (in this case, the time
step changes in the process of calculation, depending on the results of the calculation).
3. The second form dimensionless parameter is calculated via CFL (Courant-Friedrichs-Levy) number.
Cont..
Specifying the data autosave parameters
Element Data autosave contains options to automatically save the results of the calculation.
Specifying the Layers autosave parameters
1. Layers autosave element is designed to display and set the control parameters automatically
save to a file* .
2. fvvisdata visualization layers fvvis- stored in the server part of the project
 Post- processor
To visualize results of the computation, we specify Characteristics and Layers in the Postprocessor tab
of the project tree

Characteristics are a set of integral values (including averages), which are calculated as integrals of some
Variable by surface or volume of some Object.

To determine the drag force acting on train with and without turbine set one boundary condition to the
front surface of the train and set another boundary condition to the turbine and surface of the train, then
create a supergroup on both of the boundary conditions and put variable as a <F fluid > this will give the
value of how much drag force is acting on both on of this conditions.

To visualize the computation we create a Layers upon which we define visualizations of velocity, torque
loc, and also pressure as (vectors as well as colour contours).
 Comparing the Results
Table . comparing the values of computational and theoretical method

Parameter Computational Theoretical Error (%)

method method

Power (watts) 209.03 239.50 12.6

Torque (N-m) 4.54 4.47 2

1 1 0
Tip speed Ratio(𝛌)
 Results

Fig: Final Velocity on shaft

Fig: Final power on shaft
Fig: Final torque on shaft
Cont..

Fig. Velocity Streamline through on the turbine

Cont..

Graph . Drag force on the train bogie without turbine chart

Cont.…

Graph .Drag force on the train bogie with turbine chart

Cont..
with turbine without turbine

1090

1080

1070
Drag force (N)

1060

1050

1040

1030

1020
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Time (sec)

Graph . Drag force superimposed with and without turbine

 Conclusion
There are huge potential for producing electricity from renewable sources.

The technology is expected to contribute to the cause of the environment as it helps to reduce carbon emissions and
also assists the government in saving on fuel too.

If we use 3 turbines for each coach having 16 coaches for each train running for 13 hours a day then the power
generated in the train is 124Kwh.

There are 3000 express trains (approx.) in India, if we implement this turbines then 374.4 Megawatts of power is
produced which is large enough to supply this power to at least some of the un electrified villages.

 We are expecting that it is going to be utilized on large scale on locomotives and automobiles for fulfilling the basic
electrical requirements like running lights, fans and extra facility for mobile chargers.

 If we implements this idea in large scale on locomotives and automobiles it fulfils the basic electrical requirements
like running lights, fans and extra facility for mobile chargers.

 This is totally concerned with Green India and Clean India.

 Future Aspects
In this project a scoop type savonius wind turbine has been proposed for generating power in train.

Our main focus was just on the Indian Locomotives, but this can be further modified and can be used on automobiles.

We did the simulation of the air flow through the scoop type savonius turbine. If we modify the design of turbine and

increase the initial grid there will be an increase in power generation.

In 2015, India was one of top 10 most polluted country of the world.

Hence, such modification in the design of the locomotives and automobiles can help us to generate electricity on

large scale. At least we can run our basic appliances which we use on daily basis in locomotives and automobiles.
THANK YOU