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Engulfing cross
flow fluid
* Acetone particles
are seeded into the jet
flow. Higher intensity
shows higher number
Fig: instantaneous PLIF image* [2](side views) density of acetone
particles
Probability density function(PDF)
Centerline regions
* Acetone particles
are seeded into the jet
flow. Higher intensity
shows higher number
density of acetone
particles
CVP
Fig: instantaneous PLIF image* cross-section[2]
a b c
Fig: PDF at z/D= a) 1.1 and b) 0 c) -0.8
• high probabilities of unmixed cross• ow •fluid are indicated at every location
below the jet.
• This supports the expectation that the streamwise vortex pair acts to draw
cross•flow •fluid up into the center of the jet
• Vorticity of CVP reduces as the flow proceeds downstream[3]
Conclusion
• The near field mixing is mainly controlled by the large-scale structures of
shear layer and CVPs inside the jet plume
• The large scale structures becomes larger with J
• Cross flow engulfment by the large scale structures in shear layer
promote nearfield mixing
• The CVP advects cross flow fluid into wake region below jet
• Mixing is more at the wake region, than the upper portion of jet
Mixing efficiency
• Fuel penetration in a cross-flow is closely related to mixing efficiency
• Mixing efficiency is affected by many factors
Jet to crossflow momentum flux ratio
angle of injection
cross flow mach number
• Mixing efficiency is given by[5]
uk
A 1,
( y, z ) 1
dA ( y, z ), ( y, z ) 1
uk
A k
( y, z ) 14.79*
1 k
•A area of y-z plane
•k mass fraction of jet
• ( y, z ) the local equivalent
ratio
Injection Angle