m It involve s the movement of goods or passengers from one

place to another.
m The mode of transportation depends on the needs of people
and natural conditions of that particular area.
m Due to the development in the Industrial age there are
various modes of transportation.
m Science has advanced the transportation from slow moving
bullock carts to high speed bullet trains.
m Transportation plays a major role in developing a nations
economy.
m @

 
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m @oad transport or road transportation is transport on roads of
passengers or goods.
m It connects the major & important land areas
m It is usually built of concrete, tars.
m Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into two
categories:

ÀTransportation of goods
ÀTransportation of people.
m Oodern pavements are designed for heavier vehicle loads and
faster speeds, requiring thicker slabs and deeper sub base.
m Pavement technology is still evolving, albeit in not easily
noticed increments.
m For instance, chemical additives in the pavement mix make
the pavement more weather resistant, grooving and other
surface treatments improve resistance to skidding and
hydroplaning, and joint seals .
m Shoulder pavement is designed to a lower standard than the
pavement in the traveled way and won't hold up as well to
traffic.
m 3y subsector, road transport is the largest
contributor to global warming(74% of total
emissions from transport).
m @ailroad transportation is the means of conveyance of
passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on
rail tracks.
m The development of the steam engine spurred ideas for
mobile steam locomotives that could haul trains on tracks.
m Track usually consists of steel rails running on sleepers/ties
and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with
metal wheels, movesà
m @ailroads are the safest land transportation systems when
compared to other forms of transportation.
m áxperiments with electrical railways were started by @obert
Davidson in 1838.
m In 1904, the Spubeital Line in Austria opened with alternating
current
m Following the large-scale construction of motorways after the
war, rail transport became less popular for commuting, and air
transport started taking large market shares from long-haul
passenger trains.
m Aviation is the design, development, production, operation,
and use of aircraft, esp. heavier-than-air aircraft.
m The modern age of aviation began with the first untethered
human lighter-than-air flight on November 21, 1783, in a hot
air balloon designed by the Oontgolfier brothers.
m At the start of World War I, heavier-than-air powered aircraft
had become practical for reconnaissance, artillery spotting,
and even attacks against ground positionsà
m Aircraft began to transport people and cargo as designs grew
larger and more reliableà
m Ô
  is watercraft carrying people (passengers) or
goods (cargo).
m Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout
recorded history.
m Ship transport can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat
or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along
rivers.
m Ships and other watercraft are used for ship transport. Various
types can be distinguished by propulsion, size or cargo type.