Draft Presentation for pre-employment Training.

EHV Sub-station
Earthing.
Concepts & Practices.

.
References
1. IEEE guide for AC Substation Grounding ( IEEE 80-
2000 & 1986)
2 Indian standard specifications ( IS-3043 Earthing)
3 CBIP Manual.( Publication 302)
4 PTCC Manual
5 IEEE guide for Measuring earth Resistivity, Ground
impedance, and earth surface potentials for a ground
system(IEEE 81)
6 IEEE recommended practice for grounding industrial
and commercial power systems ( IEEE 142)
7 IEEE Guide for generating station grounding(IEEE 665)
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 Purpose of Earthing at EHV
Sub-stations

• Protection of installation.
• Improvement of quality of service
to public & Safety.
• Safety of personnel.
• Safety to Telephone Exchange in the vicinity

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 POPULAR ( MIS ) CONCEPTS ABOUT EARTHING

1 EARTH IS A GOOD CONDUCTOR

2 GROUND POTENTIAL IS ALWAYS ZERO

3 PROTO TYPE EARTHING DESIGN IS SUFFICIENT

4 EARTHING IS ONLY FOR ACHIVEING LOW RESISTANCE VALUE

5 USE OF COPPER FOR EARTHING WILL GIVE LOW RESISTANCE

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 SL no Material Specific Resistance
1 Copper 1.78 Micro ohm CM
2 Aluminum 2.86 Micro-ohm CM
3 Mild Steel 15.90 Micro-ohm CM
4 Soil 20,000 to 2000,000
Micro Ohm-CM

Soil (Earth) is not a good conductor. However

due to large area of cross section involved it
behaves as good conductor.

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 FACTS.
• During Earth Faults, Earth potential can
raise to several Kilo volts.( For short
duration of less than 1000 mili-seconds)
• Earthing Design can not be standardized
based on Station capacity or Voltage class.
• A low resistance value in itself is not a
guarantee for safety of personnel .
• Use of copper may help in reducing
corrosion, but it will not ensure low earth
resistance value.
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FAULT LEVELS FOR 2011 CONDITIONS IN KPTCL GRID

NAME OF THE STATION VOLTAGE 3PH. SLG

MUNDGOD 33 30 21
MAHALINGAPUR 33 724 651

ANTHARASANTHE 66 153 104

B-STATION 66 6051 5219

ANAVATTI 110 418 290

HUBLI 110 4239 3698

KOLLEGAL 220 2353 1767

NELAMANGALA 220 13824 14400

TALAGUPPA 400 7635 6402

BIDADI 400 18967 19202
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REASONS WHY EARTHING PROBLEMS ARE COMPLEX

• EARTH IS A POOR CONDUCTOR

• NON HOMOGENEOUS

• CONDUCTORS BURIED IN SOIL HAVE COMPLICATED SHAPE

• ACTIVE ONLY DURING FAULT CONDITIONS

• MOST OF THE ANALYSIS OF EARTHING IS BY EMPIRICAL FORMULAE

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