7 Anju Garg

RAC server Pools

What's new in Oracle
12c?

U GARG
 About me
7 Anju Garg
• Oracle Ace

• More than 14 years of experience in IT Industry

• Oracle Certfed Specialist and Expert
• Independent Corporate Trainer (Oracle DBA), Author, Speake
• Member - AIOUG, IOUG, UKOUG
• Oracle blog : http://oracleinaction.com/
• Email : anjugarg66@gmail.com
7 Anju Garg
– Limitatons in Oracle 11g
• Enhancements in Oracle 12c
– Server Categorizaton – Server Assignment
New Server Assignment
– Extended Policy• framework
• Conclusion • Reallocaton of servers
• Resource Management In A Clust
• References ––Benefts
Administrator Managed confguraton
•Q&A – Policy Managed confguraton
• Policy Based Cluster Management in Oracl
– Server Pools

Agenda
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esource Management In A Cluster

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• Administrator Managed confgurat

• Policy Managed confguraton

ent In A Cluster
Resource Management I
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Only management strategy available in releases earlier than 11g

Administrator statcally assigns clusterware resources to specifc s
le
hevery well in large clusters having more than 8 nodes.
cluster.
Oracle
ent Clusterware is responsible for placing the resources on the
In A Cluster
ervers Administrator Managed c
Hard coupling between the resources and the servers eliminates r
haring .
An infexible, manual management confguraton best suited for s
lusters or rather statc systems
 pools.
7 Anju Garg

more than 8 nodes.

strator assigns clusterware resources to Server pools whose size c

ynamically.
ent In A Cluster
Clusterware is responsible
• Introduced in Oracle placing the resources
for Clusterware
Policy 11g release
Managed servers
on2theconf
g to the• specifed server
The cluster pool(s).
can be logically parttoned into groups of ser
management eliminates the need for statc defnitons physically
resources to partcular nodes in the cluster.
ited for larger clusters and scales very well in large clusters having
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Based Cluster Management in Oracle 11

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MIN_SIZEand MAX_SIZEatributes of the server pool.

MPORTANCEcan be assigned to server pools
kloads can be mapped to server pools of higher IMPORTANCE.
• Foundaton of policy based cluster management
Server Pools
ement In Oracle
vailable 11g
compute resources in the cluster, Oracle Clusterware will
erver pools
• Logical
can groups
expandoforservers
shrink as
hostng
requirements
the resources
change
managed
by modi
ers to server pools in order of their IMPORTANCE
Clusterware.
t business critcal workload get the compute resources necessary
formance or availability service level agreements.
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by the
• Created
user by user

• Internally
• Internally managed
managed server
server pool
pool
• All atributes are read-only
• Hosts Admininstrator-managed resources.
– Free Server Pool:
ORTANCEatribute • Built-in be edited
canpools by the
: Created user
automatcally with the insta
tains servers that – Generic assigned
are notServer Pool:to any other server pools.
Server Pool Ty
ement
r-created 11g
In Oracle Server Pool
SIZE and IMPORTANCEatribute can be edited
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• New Server Assignment
• Reallocaton of servers

ement In Oracle 11g

Server Assignm
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erver pool
– User-created server pool

vers are assigned to server pools in the following order:

server pool
rder of importance untl they meet their Server Assignm
.ement In Oracle 11g New Server Assi
rder of importance untl they meet their
.
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Illustraton-I
ement In Oracle 11g
New Server
Assignment
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Illustraton-I
New Server Assign
ement In Oracle 11g
Environment
• Consider a cluster having 9
• Three server pools - FrontO
and Line of Business
(LOB) pool have been defne
• Currently , all the server po
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Assignme
New Server Illustraton
ement In Oracle 11g • Since FrontOfce Pool has highest
below its
MIN_SIZE(=2) , frst two servers ar
its
MIN_SIZE(=2)
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Illustraton-I
• BackOfce pool which is next in IMPORTANCE (=
ement In Oracle 11g server so that it meets its MIN_SIZE(=1).
New Server
Assignment
 (=3).
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Illustraton-I
11g
ement In Oracle • Front ofce pool is allocated next server that it mee
New so Server

Assignment
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BackOfce pool s
• Nest two servers are assigned toIllustraton-I
ement In Oracle 11g MAX_SIZE(=3).
New Server
Assignment
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Illustraton-I
• LOB pool which is next in IMPORTANCE(=2) is alloc
ement In Oracle 11g
that it meets its MAX_SIZE(=2). New Server
Assignment
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• One lef over server goes to Free P

Illustraton-I
ement In Oracle 11g
New Server
Assignment
 Recap
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– Free server pool

– Generic server pool
– User-created server pool

• As servers join the cluster, they are assigned to serve

ill all server following order:
pools in order New
of importance Server
untl they Assign
Illustraton-
meet their
ement In Oracle 11g
nimum (MIN_SIZE).
ill all server pools in order of importance untl they meet their
ximum (MAX_SIZE).

1
 place.
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pool take place as follows:

• If there are servers in the Free Pool

ORTANT
–ine server
If athe server
server poolpoolpool
falls <= MIN_SIZE)
below
having its MAX_SIZEvalue,
least IMPORTANCE Server Assignm
a free server is
ement the 11g
Oracle•Free
If server(s)to leaveafected server
cluster, pool. reallocaton betw
Reallocaton of
east
fromInIMPORTANT Pool server
the pool
the exceeds aitsserver
MIN_SIZE
• server
Else (No
server topoolfreefalls below
servers)
defcient pool its MIN_SIZE, a server reallocaton will
ast even if it causes
poolIMPORTANT server donor
the pool < defcient
SIZE
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Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton Of
Servers
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• Environment

Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton
Servers
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• One server leaves FrontOfce Pool so that the po

MAX_SIZEvalue (=3). Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton
Servers
 Pool
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Illustraton-I
ement In Oracle 11g
• Since a server is available in Free Pool,Reallocaton
that server is mo
Servers
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• FrontOfce Pool meets its MAX_SIZE

Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton
Servers
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• What will happen if front ofce pool loses anot

Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton
Servers
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Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton Of
• NOTHING - Since no
FrontOfce pool stll
has 2 servers (=MIN_
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• What will happen if FrontOfce pool loses anot

Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton
Servers
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Illustraton-II
Reallocaton Of Se
ement In Oracle 11g • If FrontOfce pool loses a
one server and
falls below its MIN_SIZEli
• A server should be source
• Which pool will become t
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Illustraton-II
• Both the BackOfce and LOB pools exceed their MIN_SI
ement In Oracle 11g
the least IMPORTANT Reallocaton
• Hence, a server is moved from LOB pool to FrontOfce
Servers
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• FrontOfce pool has 2 servers now (=MIN_

Illustraton-II
ement In Oracle 11g
Reallocaton
Servers
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Illustraton-I
• What happens if any of FrontOfce or BackOfce Po
ement In Oracle 11gMIN_SIZE? Reallocaton
Servers
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– Has Lowest IMPORTANCE

• If any of FrontOfce or BackOfce Pools fall below their

Illustraton-II
ement In Oraclewill
11g get the only remaining server in the LOB pool since L
Reallocaton
– Exceeds its MIN_SIZE
Servers
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• What happens if LOB pool is em

– If FrontOfce pool falls below MIN_SI

pool so as to mee
• It can grab server(s) from BackOfceIllustraton-II
MIN_SIZEeven if it requires emptying the BackOfce p
In Oracle 11g
•ement
It can get–at If most one server
BackOfce to meet
pool falls below Reallocaton
MIN_SIZE(=1)
itsMIN_SIZE from
FrontOfce pool only if FrontOfce pool exceeds its MIN_SIZE
Servers
 Recap
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eIfleast
serversIMPORTANTserver
leave the cluster pool exceeds
for any reason,
itsaMIN_SIZE
server reallocaton
place
ate as follows:
server to defcient pool
ement server
• IfInaOracle
(least 11g pool falls below
IMPORTANTserver pool
its <= Reallocaton
MAX_SIZEvalue, Of Ser
Illustraton-
MIN_SIZE) a free server, if
is moved
ate server onlyto the afected server
if defcient pool ispool.
more IMPORTANT
• If there are no free servers, then server from least IMPORTAN
move to the defcient pool only if it has fallen below its MIN_SI

7
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ces:• Fast
equired Since resource
resources failover:
server pools When
preferentally
do not asthe
share number
defned by of
resources, thenodes in the clus
policy.
n servers
be providedare reallocated
in a clusteronline
for based on defned
applicatons and policy to satsfy
ent In A Cluster Benefts
capacity requirements.
• Dynamic
lanning: Oncecapacity
resource assignment
requirements: Server
has been can expand or sh
Poolsdefned
ad,requirements
additonal capacity,
change.whenever available will be
y. • Guaranteed allocaton of resources : Critcal work will be allo

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servers
atributes.

appropriate atributes
. A burden to the administrator
. Error prone

iferent tmes of the day, week, or month.

ement In Oracle 11g

servers were assumed
Limitatons in Ora
homogeneous with re
fact
– count,
that • All physical
server
Sub-optmal memory
requirements
performance of
of and other
to becharacteristcs.
applicatons
applicatons may
executng on inadequ
inistrator needed to manually map workload to servers having
– Placement of servers in server pools could not be gover

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nhancements in Oracle 12c

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Management

• Server Categorizaton
• Extended Policy framework
In Oracle 12c
• Unifcaton
With Oracle clusterware
What ’s New In Ora
of policy based
12c, policy management
clusterbased with Q
cluster manage
three important ways.

1
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with it

. Various conditons

ated mechanism
• Enablestosupportng
allocate clusters with heterogeneous servers.
compute
vers are
dIn Oracle 12c further
on pre-defned organized into
server atributes.partcular categories based on
associated • Servers
with server diferentated
can bepools so that
Server Categoriz
based
now on their atributes w
server
of the
– Every servernode (Hub
has / Leaf),
a set of server confguraton atributes associat
govern placement
server atributes
deronatributes of servers in the
rather than the names ofserver pools.
and
• Workfow:

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is started on a server, these atributes are

Instored
Oracle 12c persistently for each server untl
er
Server
Atribute
Server Categori
cture 12c to understand heterogeneous

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• A new clusterware object

• Enables you to organize servers into partcular categorie

• Two internal categories are created by default
- ora.hub.category : Categorizes Hub Nodes
- ora.leaf.category : Categorizes Leaf Nodes
ple categories at the same tme.
• New user defned server categories can be created
In Oracle 12c
Server
Server Categori
• Various atributes of server category are: Categorie

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ailable, will be moved to the server pool.

ciate Server Pools with Server Categories so that Server pools are
d based on server atributes such as number of CPUs, CPU speed,
Oracle
ry
Inand etc.12crather
servers
category ofthan
are the names
diferent
not of the
capacites
available, servers servers.
. will be moved
Server Categoriz
ient
licatonsway can
ORTANTserver to manage
be poolenvironments
assigned
associated having
to the server
with pools
the sameso will run o
Apply Server
that theyCategor
rvers belonging to a server category.
Pools
erver pool loses a server, free servers of the associated category, i

5
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In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III
Server
categorizaton
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• Consider a Flex cluster having 3 hub nodes and

– Servers• View server
host01, atributes
host02 and host03 are Hub Nodes and p
In Oracle 12c
memory associated with them is greater than 2000 MB
Illustraton-III: Server Cat
– Servers host04 and host05 are Leaf Nodes and physical
associated with them is less than 2000 MB

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• View default server categories

In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III: Server Cat

8
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• List servers in the two default categ

In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III: Server Cat

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Create new user defned server categori

• Small : Leaf Node and Memory < 2000
• Big : Hub Node and Memory >= 2000

In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III : Server Ca

0
 • View user defned new categori

Resource Management In A Cluster

Otnyathra 2017 Anju Garg

Illustraton-III : Server Cat

1
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• List servers in user defned server cate

In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III : Server Cat

2
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• List categories for servers

In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III : Server Cat

3
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as follows:

SmallpoolServer pool
Backuppool
Testpool Bigpool

In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III : Server Cat
• Create server pools and
Smallassociate them with big / smal
Category
Small
Big
Big

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• View server pools and associated cate

In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-III : Server Cat

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 Recap
7 Anju Garg

• Server categorizaton enables organizaton of servers into part

categories by using various server atributes.
In Oracle 12c
an• A Server pool
efcient, automated associated with
can be mechanism a category
to manage
Illustraton-III : Server Cat so that
clusters servers
made up
eneous category are eligible to be members of the pool .
to the nodes.
• Server pools are defned based on server atributes rather tha
names of the servers

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 Why ?
7 Anju Garg

Oracle clusterware earlier than 12c, the server pools could be

fgured such that each of the applicatons is assigned to run in its
er pool.
Oracle
sIniscan be
12c
confguraton, to meet such
changedhowever, does not consider the fact that server t
nce
some operaton
irement to do by(a server
issuing
of some needs
one Extended Policy Fra
to be taken
command
applicatons might be a down for
at diferent at diferent tme
day, week, or month.
nd-of-year changes in demand
rver tme requirement can vary due to
n antcipated / unantcipated increase in demand for one or more
licatons in the cluster.

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7 Anju Garg

nded Policy Framework in Oracle clusterware 12c provides the

tructure to handle the fuctuatng requirements for server tme
atcally by means of policies.
te policies corresponding to diferent business needs such that ea
ncontains
even be exactly dynamically.
changedone defniton for each server pool defned in th
Inpproach
.Oracle 12c allows you to dynamically allocate
Extended P
arious
se policiesapplicatons in the
collectvely represent as the
clusterthe cluster confguraton policy s
Framework
rent policies need to be actvated at diferent tmes in accordanc
usiness needs.
Overview
n a policy is actvated at a relevant tme, confguraton of server p
nged according to server pool defnitons in the policy.
s server tme allocated to various applicatons changes automatca
ordance with changing business needs

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In Oracle 12c
Illustraton-IV
Extended Policy
Framework
 Environment
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• Our requirement is as follows:

In Oracle 12c
• User defned server pools: Bigpool, Smallpool, Testpool a
Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

Night

0
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• Add Day and Night Policies

the server pools that are controlled by the policy set.

In Oracle 12c
ERVER_POOL_NAMESpolicy set atribute to defne the scope
Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

1
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• Set Server Pool Atributes In Day P

In Oracle 12c

Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

2
 • Set Server Pool Atributes In Night P
Enhancements In Oracle 12c
Otnyathra 2017 Anju Garg

Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

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• View Day Policy

In Oracle 12c

Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

4
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• View Night Policy

In Oracle 12c

Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

5
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• Actvate day policy

In Oracle 12c

Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

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• Verify that as per the day polic

In Oracle 12c • Smallpool has been assigned both the small nodes (host
Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli
• Bigpool has been assigned three big nodes (host01,host0
• Testpool and Backuppool have not been assigned any ser

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• Actvate night policy

In Oracle 12c

Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

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• Verify that as per the night poli

– Backuppool has been assigned one big node (host01

– Bigpool has been assigned two big nodes (host02,ho
In Oracle 12c – Smallpool has been assigned one small node (host0
– Testpool has been assigned one small node (host04)
Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

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• Reactvate the night policy

servers and bigpool has 1 big server.

In Oracle 12c • Modify the confguraton of night policy so that back

Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli

0
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In Oracle 12c • As per the modifed night policy, one big server (host02)
Illustraton-IV: Extended Poli
away from bigpool and has been assigned to backuppool
lef with only one server and backuppool has 2 servers as

1
 Recap
7 Anju Garg

• These policies can be changed dynamically.

Extended policy framework enables policies to be confgured to ch

ols in accordance with business needs or applicaton demand
Diferent
In Oracle 12c policies need to be actvated at diferent tmes in accord

siness needs. Illustraton-IV: Extended Pol

When a policy is actvated, confguraton of server pools is change
cording to server pool defnitons in the policy, so that server tm
located to various applicatons changes in accordance with changi
siness needs

2
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of Policy based management in Oracle clusterware 11g R2 :

s no way to distnguish between types of servers, placement
erver pools could not be governed by server atributes.
raton does not consider the fact that server requirements of
ay be diferent at diferent tmes of the day, week, or
Summary
• Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2) laid the found
nts to Policy based management in Oracle clusterware 12c:
cluster management by introducing server pools .
gorizaton: Servers can be diferentated based on their
ich can further govern placement of servers in server pools.
olicy framework: Policies can be confgured to change server
s in accordance with business needs or applicaton
hat pools provide the right service at the right tme. The
s can maintain a library of policies and switch between
ired.
 •
•

7 Anju Garg

References
htps://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CWADD/pbmgmt.htm#CWADD91
htp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/optons/clustering/learn
deployments12c-twp-2338881.pdf
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ANJU GARG
Email:anjugarg66@g
mail.com
Blog:http://oraclein
action.com