Integration Technique –

Integration by parts

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 Motivation
How to integrate?


x2
2 xe dx

How to integrate?


2x
xe dx

2
 Product rule - Recall
Let u = u(x) and v = v(x), then

d
uv   u  v
dv du
dx dx dx

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 Integration by parts
d
uv   u  v
dv du
dx dx dx
 uv   v
dv d du
u
dx dx dx
     
dv d
  du
  dx    dx dx   v dx dx
Integrating: u dx  uv

 udv  uv   vdu
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 Integration by parts

 udv  uv   vdu

• Apply integration by parts usually when the integral

contains the product of two different functions.

 f ( x ) g ( x )dx  ?
• The objective of integration by parts is to generate a
new integral which is easier to integrate than the
original integral.
• To achieve that, need to choose u and dv expressions
wisely for the LHS.
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 Integration by parts – example 1
Evaluate the following integral :


2x
xe dx
Answer:
Apply integration by parts:

 udv  uv   vdu
We can choose u = x or u = e2x.
Let see what happens when we let u = x
Need expressions for v and du
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 Integration by parts – example 1
Answer:

2x
xe dx

ux  du  dx
dv  e dx  v  0.5e
2x 2x

 udv  uv   vdu

   
2x 2x 2x
xe dx 0.5 xe 0.5e dx

 xe dx  0.5 xe  0.25e  C
2x 2x 2x
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 Integration by parts – example 1

  
2x 2x
xe dx e xdx
Alternate choice u  e 2 x  du  2e dx
2x
of u and v : 
dv  xdx  v  0.5 x
2

 udv  uv   vdu
1 2 2x
 xe dx  2 x e   x e dx
2x 2 2x

More complicated 8
 Integration by parts - tips

 f ( x ) g ( x )dx  ?
u  f ( x )  du  f ' ( x )dx
dv  g ( x )dx  v   g ( x )dx

 udv  uv   vdu

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 Integration by parts - tips

 udv  uv   vdu
• When using integration by parts, keep in mind that you are
splitting up the original integrand into two pieces.
• One of these pieces, corresponding to u, will be differentiated and
the other, corresponding to dv, will be integrated.
• Since you can differentiate virtually every function you run
across, you should
o choose a dv which you can integrate and
o Choose u and dv that will result in an easier integral for vdu.
• If possible, choose u = x so that you get the simple du = dx.
• You will learn what works best by working through lots of
problems.
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 Integration by parts - tips

 udv  uv   vdu

Rule of thumb (LIATE) when choose u :

1) Log
2) Inverse trigo
3) Algebraic function (i.e. polynomial of the form xn
where n > 0)
4) Trigo
5) Exponential

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 Integration by parts – example 2
For the following integrals, choose the appropriate u and
dv term when using integration by parts:
a ) xe dx
x

b) x e dx
2 x

c ) x sin xdx
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 Integration by parts – example 2
For the following integrals, choose the appropriate u and
dv term when using integration by parts:
d ) ln xdx

e) x ln xdx

f ) e sin xdx
x

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 Integration by parts – example 3


Evaluate the following integral:
x ln xdx
Answer: 1
u  ln x  du  dx
x
dv  xdx  v  0.5 x 2

 udv  uv   vdu
1
 x ln xdx  0.5x ln x   (0.5x ) x dx
2 2

 0.5 x ln x   0.5 xdx  0.5 x ln x  0.25 x  c14

2 2 2
 Integration by parts – example 3b


Evaluate the following integral: x
xe dx
Answer:

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 Integration by parts – example 3b
Answer:

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 Integration by parts
Special case 1

How to integrate :

 
n n
x sin bxdx ; x cos bxdx

 a , b  R;
n ax
x e dx
n : positive integer
Use a reduction formula (repeated integration by parts).
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 Integration by parts – example 4
Evaluate the following integral:

 x cos xdx

Solution:

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Integration by parts – example 4

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 Integration by parts – example 4b
Evaluate the following integral:


2
x sin xdx

Solution: u  du 
dv  v

x sin xdx   x cos x   (  cos x )( 2 x )dx

2 2

 sin xdx   x cos x   2 x cos xdx

2 2
x
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 Integration by parts – example 4b
Solution:
Consider:
 2 x cos xdx
u  2x  du  2dx
dv  cos xdx  v  sin x

 2 x cos xdx  2 x sin x   2 sin xdx  2 x sin x  2 cos x  c

 x sin xdx   x cos x   2 x cos xdx
2 2

 x sin xdx   x cos x  2 x sin x  2 cos x  c

2 2
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 Integration by parts
Special case 2

How to integrate :

e
ax
sin bxdx

e a, b  R
ax
cos bxdx

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 Integration by parts – example 5
Evaluate the following integral:

e
x
sin xdx

Solution:
ue x
 du  e dx
x

dv  sin xdx  v   cos x

e sin xdx  e cos x   e (  cos x )dx

x x x

e sin xdx  e cos x   e cos xdx

x x x
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 Integration by parts – example 5
Answer:
e
x
Consider cos xdx
Integrate by parts:
ue x
 du  e dxx

dv  cos xdx  v  sin x

 e x cos xdx  e x sin x   e x sin xdx

e sin xdx  e cos x   e cos xdx

x x x

e sin xdx  e cos x  e sin x   e sin xdx

x x x x
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 Integration by parts – example 5
Answer:

e sin xdx  e cos x  e sin x   e sin xdx

x x x x

2  e sin xdx  e cos x  e sin x

x x x

  e sin xdx  0.5e cos x  0.5e sin x  c

x x x

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 Integration by parts – example 5
Evaluate the following integral:

e
x
sin xdx

Solution:
u  sin x  du  cos dx
dv  e dx
x
ve x

e sin xdx  e sin x   e cos xdx

x x x

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 Integration by parts – example 5
Now consider
e
x
cos xdx
Integrate by parts:

u  cos x  du   sin xdx

dv  e dx
x
ve x

 e cos xdx  e cos x   e (  sin x )dx

x x x

e cos xdx  e cos x   e sin xdx

x x x

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 Integration by parts – example 5
Answer:

 e x sin xdx  e x sin x   e x cos xdx

e sin xdx  e sin x  e cos x   e sin xdx

x x x x

2  e sin xdx  e sin x  e cos x

x x x

1 x
  e sin xdx  ( e sin x  e cos x )  c
x x

2
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Integration by parts – definite integrals

 udv  uv   vdu

b b
 udv  [uv ]   vdu
b
a
a a

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 Definite integrals – example 1
Evaluate the following: 1


4x
4 xe dx
0
Solution: u  4x  du  4dx
dv  e dx  v  0.25e
4x 4x

b b
 udv  [uv ]  
b
a vdu
a a
1 1
 4 xe dx  [4 x (0.25e )]   0.25e ( 4)dx
4x 4x 1 4x
0
0 0

dx  [ xe ]  [0.25e ]  ( e  0)  0.25e  e 
1
 4 xe
4x 4x 1 4x 1 4 4 0
0 0
0
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 Integration by parts - summary
In general, apply integration by parts for the following
cases:

 x 
n
e dx ax
e.g. x e dx
2 5x

 x n
trigo dx e.g . x sin 2 xdx

 x n
ln xdx e.g. x ln xdx
n : positive integer!!!

  e.g . e cos 2 xdx

ax x
trigo e dx
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 Summary

 udv  uv   vdu
b b
 udv  [uv ]   vdu
b
a
a a

The objective of integration by parts is to generate a new

integral which is easier to integrate than the original
integral.

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