MALNUTRITION

Definition :
Nutrition which deviates from normal

Cause :
Unbalanced diet i.e. a diet which does not
provide the correct balance of nutrients

Source of information : various

websites
 Malnutrition

Under nutrition Over nutrition

 Kwashiorkor Marasmus
Cases Found in developing countries associated
with poverty/famine
Target groups Children 9 -12 years old
Cause Lack of protein Low energy intake
Symptoms Swelling (oedema) Underweight, thin
of the belly and arms and legs, and
legs, flaky skin and a shrunken facial
a loss of muscle appearance
bulk
Treatment Increasing the intake of energy and
protein foods
Anorexia nervosa
Well-off families in developed countries
Teenagers and women in early twenties
Cause : Psychological cause
Symptoms :
Weight loss with loss of muscle bulk, thin arms and
legs, female menstruation periods also stop
Treatment : Counseling
OBESITY DIABETES MELLITUS
Imbalance between energy Cannot regulate blood
intake and energy glucose level
expenditure
BMI Categories:
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5-
24.9
Overweight = 25-29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or
greater
BMI = mass (kg )
height ( m 2 )

Treatment : Balanced diet and exercise regularly

Nutrients Deficiency Excess
Obesity, diabetes mellitus,
Food energy Starvation, Marasmus
Cardiovascular disease
Simple carbohydrates none diabetes mellitus, Obesity
Complex carbohydrates none Obesity
Saturated fat low sex hormone levels [15] Cardiovascular disease
Trans fat none Cardiovascular Disease
Unsaturated fat none Obesity
Malabsorption of Fat-soluble vitamins,
Fat Cardiovascular Disease (claimed by some)
Rabbit Starvation (If protein intake is high)
Omega 3 Fats Cardiovascular Disease Bleeding, Hemorrhages
Omega 6 Fats none Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer
Cholesterol none Cardiovascular disease
Protein kwashiorkor Rabbit starvation
Sodium hyponatremia Hypernatremia, hypertension
Iron Anemia Cirrhosis, heart disease
Iodine Goiter, hypothyroidism Iodine Toxicity (goiter, hypothyroidism)
Xerophthalmia and Night Blindness, low
Vitamin A Hypervitaminosis A (cirrhosis, hair loss)
testosterone levels
Vitamin B1 Beri-Beri
Vitamin B2 Cracking of skin and Corneal Ulceration
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Pellagra dyspepsia, cardiac arrhythmias, birth defects
Vitamin B12 Pernicious anemia
Vitamin C Scurvy diarrhea causing dehydration
Hypervitaminosis D (dehydration, vomiting,
Vitamin D Rickets
constipation)
Hypervitaminosis E (anticoagulant: excessive
Vitamin E nervous disorders
bleeding)
Vitamin K Hemorrhage
Fatigue, depression, confusion, anorexia,
Osteoporosis, tetany, carpopedal spasm,
Calcium nausea, vomiting, constipation, pancreatitis,
laryngospasm, cardiac arrhythmias
increased urination
Weakness, nausea, vomiting, impaired
Magnesium Hypertension
breathing, and hypotension
Potassium Hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias Hyperkalemia, palpitations
EAT HEALTHILY

ENJOY YOUR LIFE

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