LUBRICATION

SYSTEMS

Teknik Kendaraan Ringan

Semester 3th Class XI
Kompetensi Kejuruan
SK-KD 6.1TH
DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI
 Friction

Resistance to motion between two

or more objects (will be on lubrication test)
 Causes mechanical energy to be
transferred to heat energy

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 Friction Classifications
 Static friction (friction at rest)
 Between two or more objects that don’t move to each other
(much greater than kinetic)
• Examples?
 Dry Friction
 Between two dry objects
• Examples
 Greasy Friction
 Between two wet objects
• Examples
 Viscous Friction
 Between two layers of liquid
• Examples
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 Where does oil come from?

It is refined from crude oil pumped

out of the ground
 Crude oil is also used to make many
different products including gasoline

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 Four Purposes of using oil
1. Reduces friction (lubricate)
 Keeps metal from touching metal which quiets engine noise and
reduces wear
 Absorbs shock

Crankshaft or Camshaft Journal

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 Four Purposes of using oil

2. Cools
 Removes heat from
internal engine parts

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 Four Purposes of using oil

3. Cleans
 Has detergent additive for cleaning

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 Four Purposes of using oil

4. Seals
 Fills in microscopic
imperfections

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 OIL VISCOSITY

 VISCOSITY
 Ability of a liquid to flow
– High Viscosity = slow flow
– Low Viscosity = faster flow

What Affect does temperature have on viscosity?

 More heat (hotter) lowers oil viscosity
• Too much heat thins out too much (metal to metal)
 Less heat (colder) raises oil viscosity
• Oil too cold won’t flow to necessary parts

 Engine manufactures determine NEEDED oil viscosity for

their engines at different operating temperatures
 We will look at the different owners manuals that you
bring in to see what their recommendations are

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 SAE

Society of Automotive Engineers

 Started rating oil viscosity in 1911 to give a
standard
 Do many more things that standardize
automobiles

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 SAE Viscosity Test

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 SAE

The winter test, at 0oF, is given a

number that represents how fast it
flows followed by a “W”
 SAE 0W Thinnest
 SAE 5W
 SAE 10W
 SAE 15W
 SAE 20W Thickest

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 SAE

The summer test, at 210oF,

is just given a number that
represents how fast it flows
 SAE 20
Thinnest
 SAE 30
 SAE 40
 SAE 50
 SAE 60 Thickest

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 Oil Service Rating
 The service rating of oil tells us the oil has the additives in the
oil that the manufacture accepts

 Rated by the “American Petroleum Institute” API

 Gasoline Powered  Diesel Powered
S for Spark Ignited C for Compression Ignited or
0% SA Straight Mineral Oil Commercial
Additives SB Anti scuff & oxidant inhibitors CA
SC 1964 - 1967 CB
SD 1968 - 1971 CC 1961
SE 1972 - 1979 CD
SF 1980 - 1988 CE 1983 turbo/super charged
SG 1989 - 1993 CF 1995
SH 1993 - 1998 CG
25% SJ 1998 -
Additives
ALL ARE BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE
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1
 Oil Additives that make the differences
in the API rating

Antiwear Agents
Detergent Dispersants
Oxidation Inhibitors
Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors
Viscosity Improvers
Foam Inhibitors
Pour-Point Depressors
Friction Modifiers

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 Synthetic Oil

 Made from man made

molecules in a lab
 Greater resistance to corrosion
 Flows freely down to extreme
temperatures
 Less break down at high
temperatures
 Greater resistance to thickening
and evaporation
 Cost is about four times as
much

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 Synthetic Blends

Approximately half
synthetic and half from
crude oil
Cost about two times
mineral oil
Get some of the
advantages of synthetic

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 Lubricating Systems

There are two types of systems

1.Splash
2.Pressure
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 Dippers

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 Slingers

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 Pressure Lubrication
 Wet Sump – used on most applications
 Dry Sump – used on race engines and where space is a problem
 Uses a pump to push oil through passages in engine
called oil galleries

Automotive Oil Pumps

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 Automotive Oil Pumps

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 Wet sump pressurized oil lubrication

Oil level?
Oil pan

Oil pump and pickup tube

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 Cross Drilled Crankshaft

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 OIL LUBRICATION LINE

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 Oil Filters

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 Oil Filters
Pleated paper type
(surface filter)

Media type
(depth filter)

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 Full Flow Filters
Filter bypass valve
If filter gets plugged

Pressure relief valve

Protects against
Excessive pressure
(usually around 40-60 psi)
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 Bypass Filters
Not as effective as Flow Flow type

Pressure relief valve

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 Checking Oil Level

 Most accurate if on level surface

 The best time to check is before starting cold
 If running, shut off and let set for a couple of minutes
 Find dipstick remove and wipe off
 Make sure no dirt falls in dipstick hole
 Reinsert dipstick all the way in, remove and look at
where oil level is on stick
 Should be between “Full” and “Add”
 On automobiles and trucks, “Add” is usually 1 quart low

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 Checking Oil

Full Add

Dip stick

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 Adding Oil

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 Draining Oil
Cars and Trucks

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 Removing Oil Filter

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor

www.carrersnet.com

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