Born 20 January 1775

Lyon, Kingdom
of France
Died 10 June
1836 (aged 61)
Marseille, Kingd
om of France

Nationality French
Fields Physics
Institutions École
Polytechnique
Known for Ampère's
circuital
law, Ampère's
force law
one of the founders of the
science of classical
electromagnetism, which he
referred to as "electrodynamics".
The SI unit of measurement
of electric current, the Ampere (A)
is named after him.
 demonstrated the magnetic
effect based on the direction of
current
Formulated
the principle
behind
electromagne
tic induction
proved the
existence of
electromagnetic wave
s theorized by James
Clerk
Maxwell's electromag
netic theory of light.
contributed developing
equations showing the
relationship of electricity
and magnetism
 Maxwell demonstrated
that electric and magneti
c fields travel through
space as waves moving
at the speed of light
Showed
how a current
carrying wire
behaves like
a magnet
 Transmission of energy through a
vacuum or using no medium ,
caused by the osscilation of
electric and magnetic fields.
 They move at a constant speed of
3x108 m/s. Often, they are
called electromagnetic radiation,
light, or photons.
Acontinuum of
electromagnetic waves
arranged according to
frequency and
wavelength
The different types of
electromagnetic waves are defined by
the amount of energy carried by /
possessed by the photons
Photons are bundles of wave
energy. The energy of a photon is
given by the equation :
E = hf
Where h is the Planck’s constant
equals to 6.63 x 10 ⁻³⁴ Joules per
second
 Types of Characterist Sources Uses Effects Gadget for
EM waves ics detection

Radio waves •Can pass Oscillating Telecommunic Migraine/head Earphones

through walls circuits, stars ation, ache Diodes
•Longer range broadcasting Harm body Aerial
•Not light cells antennae
sensitive

Microwaves • extremely oscillating Locating Internal Satellite dishes

high frequency circuits, stars objects heating of
radio waves through radar body tissue
system,
cooking
 Types of Characterist Sources Uses Effects Gadget for
EM waves ics detection

Infrared •Discovered by Sun, heater •Night vision • sunburn • blackened

an astronomer Any hot bodies equipment, bulb
Sir Frederick •Thermography thermometer
William • cooking • thermopile
Herschel • short range •
communication phototransistor
s

Visible light • wavelengths • sun, flame • allows for Skin cancer •Eye
that •Incandescent seeing the • photofilm
are visible to objects world •Photoelectric
most human • use in cell
eyes photosynthesis
• photography
 Types of Characterist Sources Uses Effects Gadget for
EM waves ics detection

ultraviolet • frequency • sun • identification • risk of getting • fluorescence

higher than • electric spark of counterfeit skin cancer photographic
that of the • discharge notes • blindness film
visible light but tube • treatment of • can cause
lower than the • mercury skin premature
x-rays vapor lamp complaints aging of the
• energy- skin
efficient lamp • sunburn
• kill bacteria in
food and
surgical
instruments
• helps in the
production of
Vitamin D and
absorption of
calcium
 Types of Characterist Sources Uses Effects Gadget for
EM waves ics detection

X -rays • produced • x –rays tubes • radio therapy • may damage •Photographic

when electrons • stars • radiography central nervous film
strike a target system
or when • damage cells
electrons are
rearranged
within an atom

Gamma rays • originate • cobalt-60 • sterilization • Can kill • Geiger-Muller

from the of medical healthy cells tube
nucleus of a instruments • can cause •Photo film
radionuclide • diagnosis and genes to
after treatment of mutate
radioactive diseases such
decay as cancer
It is the bouncing back of light
on a surface of a medium. Only
part of the incident ray is being
reflected by that surface. The rest
is either absorbed by the object if
it is an opaque object or
transmitted if the object is
transparent like water.
1. States that the incident
ray, the reflected ray and
the normal are all lie on
the same plane.
2. States that the angle of
incidence is equal to the
angle of reflection
SPECULAR OR REGULAR
REFLECTION – light that
strikes a smooth, flat and shiny
surface, such as a mirror, a
piece of metal or undisturbed
water is reflected in one
direction. It enables us to see an
image on the surface.
DIFFUSE REFLECTION –
light that is reflected by a
rough-textured or uneven
surface as wall, paper and
cloth is scattered in many
different direction. Diffuse
reflection allows us to see
objects from any angle.
Multiple
images are
formed by the
reflection that
happens when
arranging at
least 2 mirrors
Parallel mirrors
produced
infinite number
of images
PLANE MIRROR -
simplest form of
mirror which has a
flat reflecting
surface.
Aplane mirror makes an image
of objects in front of it; these
images appear to be behind the
plane in which the mirror lies.
The image formed by a plane
mirror is always virtual (meaning
that the light rays do not actually
come from the image), upright,
and of the same shape and size
as the object it is reflecting.
Avirtual image is a
copy of an object
formed at the location
from which the light
rays appear to come.
However, the image is
a laterally-inverted
"mirror image" of the
object.
A one-way mirror,
usually known as half-
silvered mirror, is made
by partially coating glass
so that it reflects some of
the light and allows the
rest to pass through.
 When used as window or wall
between two rooms, a half-
silvered mirror will function as
one-way mirror if one of the
rooms is brightly lit and the other
is dim. It will appear to be an
ordinary mirror to anyone in the
bright room because a person
sees mostly the reflected light but
it will appear to be window to
anyone in the dim room because a
person sees mostly the
transmitted light.
 mirror with a curved reflective
surface, which may be either
 convex (bulging outward)
 concave (bulging inward). Most
curved mirrors have surfaces that
are shaped like part of a sphere,
but other shapes are sometimes
used in optical devices.
 Alsoknown as fish eye
mirror or diverging mirror,
is a curved mirror in which
the reflective surface
bulges toward the light
source.
 Also known as converging
mirror, has a reflecting surface
that bulges inward (away from
the incident light). Concave
mirrors reflect light inward to
one focal point. They are used
to focus light. Unlike convex
mirrors, concave mirrors show
different image types depending
on the distance between the
object and the mirror.
Convex mirror lets
motorists see around a
corner.
Convex mirrors are used
in some automated teller
machines as a simple and
handy security feature,
allowing the users to see
what is happening
behind them.
Some camera
phones use convex
mirrors to allow the
user to correctly aim
the camera while
taking a self-portrait.
Concave mirrors are
used in some
telescopes. They are
also used to provide a
magnified image of the
face for applying make-
up or shaving.
1.Aray of light
parallel to the
principal axis is
reflected through
the principal focus.
2. A ray of light
passing through the
principal focus is
reflected parallel to
the principal axis.
3. A ray of light
passing through the
center of curvature
is reflected back
along its own path.
Parts of a Symbol Description
curved Mirror

Vertex V The physical center

of the mirror

Principal F The midpoint of the

Focus line between the
vertex and the center
of curvature
Center of C The geometrical
Curvature center of the
curved mirror

Focal f The distance

length between the
focal point and
the vertex