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 What is AN RAX
• Access Network – Rural Automatic Exchange
• The product AN-RAX is basically a Subscriber
line concentrator, used for remoting.
• There are three levels of remoting,
• First
• Second &
• Third level, from the 'Local Exchange' (LE)
 First level of remoting
• The 'Remote Switch Unit' (RSU) provides the
functionality of first level of remoting. All the
subscribers connected to RSU can access each
other and also the other subscribers through LE
• RSU in this case will, perform the functionality
of a complete switch (with both intra exchange
and upto NAT-NW Switching). It will handle the
'Call Processing' (CP), charging and billing
functionality, but would itself be a part of the LE.
• RSU can also provide concentration.
 Second level of remoting
• The ‘C-DOT Access Network - RAX ’
(AN-RAX) will provide the second level of
remoting. AN-RAX might be connected to
a RSU or directly to the LE. The AN-RAX
supports V5.2 protocol, and handles the
functionality of second level of remoting.
 Continued…
• The second level of remoting has its scope and
role clearly defined. At this level there would
neither be any intra switching or call processing
activities, nor the AN-RAX would handle the
charging, billing and administration functions of
subscribers.
AN-RAX provides a transparent link between the
subscriber and LE. It handles the various
subscriber events, the BORSCHT functionalities.
 Continued…
• All the administration, call processing, charging,
billing, traffic monitoring and switching are
performed at LE, where AN-RAX plays the role
of front end termination at remote end.
• The main feature of AN-RAX is that it provides
concentration, through V 5.2 protocol, which is
used as a signaling protocol between LE and
AN-RAX.
 Continued…
• 248 PSTN subscribers can be supported
on two E1 links towards LE,
• providing an approximate concentration of
4:1.
• This places the AN-RAX at a level higher
than a simple MUX, which is used at third
level of remoting.
• The system can work on one E1 link
towards LE, resulting concentration 8:1.
 Third Level of remoting
• Third Level of remoting handles the front
end functions (subscriber events), but
does not provide any concentration. The
various subscriber ports of MUX have
nailed up (fixed) slots in the link towards
LE. The MUX may be connected directly
to LE or to a unit of a higher level of
remoting.
 Specifications of AN-RAX

• CAPACITY
A maximum number of 60 bearer channels (2E1 Links)
are supported by AN-RAX.
• A maximum of 248 PSTN subscribers can be
supported.
• INTERFACE TOWARDS LOCAL EXCHANGE
The system has a provision of two 2 Mbps digital trunks
(E1 Links) for V5.2 link towards Local exchange.
• INTERFACE TOWARDS SUBSCRIBERS
LCC Cards provide 2W analog line interface for
subscriber. It supports Caller Identification on 2 ports of
each card. CCM Cards provide 2W analog line interface
for subscriber. It supports Caller Identification Reversal
and 16KHz metering pulses on 7th and 8th ports.
 Continued..
• SIGNALLING INTERFACE TO THE
EXCHANGE
V5.2 signalling interface, uses TS16 of E1 links
for signalling, related to the PSTN subscribers.
This approach makes it possible to connect the
AN-RAX unit to any exchange that supports
V5.2 protocol.
• ALARM
Each card health status & separate health
status for each E1 Link are displayed at an
alarm window on VDU Panel.
 Continued..
• POWERING OPTION
Power is derived from nominal -48V DC.
• DIAGNOSTICS
Periodical and manual self test of the
AN-RAX unit is done. Test card is used
to test the health of the analog
subscriber line cards & lines (including
telephone instrument).
 HARDWARE
The C-DOT 256P AN-RAX has been
designed by reconfiguring the basic
building block used in higher capacity
systems of the C-DOT DSS family. The
system is highly modular, and flexible to
the changing technology. The software is
structured and clear interfaces exist
between hardware and software. The
redundancy of critical circuitry and
exhaustive set of diagnostic schemes
ensure high system reliability.
SYSTEM HARDWARE BLOCKS
All subscriber lines are interfaced to the
system through the Terminal Interface cards
(LCC, CCM). Each terminal interface card
caters to 8 terminations. Four such cards
form a Terminal Group. There are 32 such
terminal interface cards; sixteen in each
frame (C-DOT 256P AN-RAX has a two
frame implementation. The top frame is
called ‘Slave Frame’ and bottom frame is
called ‘Master Frame’.
 Terminal Group (TG)

Analog information from the terminations is

first changed to digital PCM form at a bit rate
of 64 Kbps. Thirty two such PCM (Pulse Code
Modulation) channels from four Terminal
Interface cards are time division multiplexed to
generate one 32 channel, 2.048 Mbps PCM
link. Thus from 32 terminal interface cards,
eight such PCM links are obtained, which are
terminated on ARC (AN-RAX controller card).
 AN-RAX CABINET

• The distribution is as follows :

• AN-RAX Controller Card (ARC) = 2 Nos.
• AN-RAX Interface Card (ARI) = 2 Nos.
• Signalling Processor Card (SPC/ISP) =4
Nos.
• RAX Terminal Tester Card (RTC) = 1 No.
• Subscriber Line Card LCC/CCM/CCB = 31/32
Nos.
• Power Supply Card (PSU-1) =4
Nos
 AN-RAX Controller Card (ARC)
• The ARC card is the main controller card
which performs all administrative functions
of AN-RAX. Towards the line cards, it
gives card select, subscriber select, clock
and sync signals. It has an interface
towards SPC/ISP card providing Signaling
Interface to the line cards. It has an
interface towards the ARI (AN-RAX
Interface Card) used in slave frame for
providing voice and Signaling Interface for
the line cards in the slave frame.
• There are two ARC cards (copy 0 & copy
1) in Master frame. ARC communicates
with the duplicate ARC through HDLC link.
One more HDLC link is used to
communicate with the RTC cards.
Local Exchange (LE).
• There are two ACIA links. One of the link
is used for (VDU) and other link is used for
Debugging terminal.
Two Digital trunks of 2.048 Mbps are
provided on ARC card which are to be
used in Common Channel Signalling mode
(CCS). These Digital trunks are used for
V5.2 interface towards the LE
AN-RAX Interface Card (ARI)

The ARI Card acts as an extension of ARC for

the cards in slave unit. The copy 0 ARI card
interfaces with the copy 0 ARC card and other
cards in slave frame. Similarly, copy 1 ARI
card interfaces with the copy 1 ARC card and
other cards in slave frame. The signals
between ARI card and the corresponding ARC
card are exchanged through both front end
cables as well as through interframe cables on
the back plane.
 Signalling Processor Card (SPC)/ISP

• Signalling information related to

terminations such as dialled digits, ring
trip etc., are separated at the Terminal
Interface cards and carried to the
Signalling Processor (SPC/ISP) on a
time multiplexed link. The SPC/ISP
passes on this information to the ARC.
• Power and Ringing
A DC-DC converter generates the
various voltages required for the system
operation and also provides ringing for
the subscriber loops.
 Hardware Architecture
• Terminal Interfaces
Subscriber Line Card (LCC/CCM)
• Controller Cards
AN-RAX Controller Card (ARC)
AN-RAX Interface Card (ARI)
Signalling Processor Card (SPC) or
Integrated Signalling Processor Card(ISP)
• Service Cards
RAX Terminal Tester Card (RTC)
• Power Supply Unit (PSU-I)
 TERMINAL INTERFACES
•
C-DOT 256P AN-RAX uses Subscriber Line Card
(LCC/CCM) to provide Analog Terminal Interface.
• Each terminal interface card caters to 8 terminations.
Four cards make a Terminal Group (TG) which is
associated with PCM 32 channel link towards the ARC
card.
• Signalling information are multiplexed and placed on 4
wire ABCD signalling bus toward SPC/ISP card.
Subscriber Line Card (LCC/CCM)
Line Circuit Card (LCC) is used to interface
ordinary subscriber lines.
The Line Circuit Card performs a set of functions
collectively termed as BORSCHT, signifying:
• B - Battery Feed
• O - Over voltage Protection
• R - Ringing
• S - Supervision
• C - Coding
• H - Hybrid Conversion
• T - Testing
 Subscriber Line Card (LCC/CCM)
• Battery Feed
A -48V_+ 4V battery with current limiting facility is provided
on each line for signalling purposes and for energising the
microphone.
• Overvoltage Protection
A hybrid transformer and surge arresters across Tip and Ring
provide protection against over voltages.
• Ringing
Ringing is extended to subscribers under the control of
Signalling Processor (SPC/ISP card), through the contacts of
an energized relay. The Ring is tripped when off-hook
condition is detected.
• Supervision
On/Off-hook detection and dialling make/break are encoded
and passed on to SPC/ISP card as the scan information from
the subscriber lines.
Subscriber Line Card (LCC/CCM)
• Coding
Coding refers to encoding of analog voice to
digital form (8 bit, A-law PCM) through a
coder/decoder (codec). Codec outputs of 32
codecs of each Terminal Group are time division
multiplexed to form a PCM 32 channel at 2.048
Mbps.
• Hybrid Conversion
2-wire to 4-wire conversion is done before
coding for full duplex (voice) operation.
• Testing
Metallic access is provided on subscriber lines
for routine test. (Tests Access Relays)
 Changed Concept in AN RAX

• L3 address( Logical address)

• Physical address( Physical port)
• AN RAX administration,
• Hardware change( Cards, strapping ,
DTC, Dumb Terminal cable ,Jumper
settings etc.)
Sl. No Pin No. From Pin No. To
1 12/Ba8 15/Bc8
2 12/Bc8 15/Ba8
3 12/Ba9 15/Bc9
4 12/Bc9 15/Ba9
5 12/Aa9 15/Ac9
6 12/Ac9 15/Aa9
7 12/Ba2 15/Ba2
8 12/Bc2 15/Bc2
9 12/Ba3 15/Ba4
10 12/Bc3 15/Bc3
11 12/Ba4 15/Ba4
12 12/Bc4 15/Bc4
13 12/Ba5 15/Ba5
14 12/Bc5 16/Bc5
15 12/Ba23 15/Ba23
16 12/Bc23 15/Bc23
17 11/Ac6 16/Bc1
18 11/Ac7 16/Ac9
19 16/Ac6 11/Bc1
20 16/Ac7 11/Ac9
Sl. No. Slot No. Physical Port Nos. L3 Address No.
1 M3 1-8 001 - 008
2 M4 1-8 009 - 016
3 M5 1-8 017 - 024
4 M6 1-8 025 - 032
5 M7 1-8 033 - 040
6 M8 1-8 041 - 048
7 M9 1-8 049 - 056
8 M 10 1-8 057 - 064
9 M 17 1-8 065 - 072
10 M 18 1-8 073 - 080
11 M 19 1-8 081 - 088
12 M 20 1-8 089 - 096
13 M 21 1-8 097 - 104
14 M 22 1-8 105 - 112
15 M 23 1-8 113 - 120
16 M 24 1-8 121 – 128
Sl. No. Slot No. Physical Port Nos. L3 Address No.
17 S3 1-8 129 - 136
18 S4 1-8 137 - 144
19 S5 1-8 145 - 152
20 S6 1-8 153 - 160
21 S7 1-8 161 - 168
22 S8 1-8 169 - 176
23 S9 1-8 177 - 184
24 S 10 1-8 185 - 192
25 S 17 1-8 193 - 200
26 S 18 1-8 201 - 208
27 S 19 1-8 209 - 216
28 S 20 1-8 217 - 224
29 S 21 1-8 225 - 232
30 S 22 1-8 233 - 240
31 S 23 1-8 241 - 248
32 S 24 1-8 249 - 256
 Glossary

• AN : Access Network
• CAS : Channel Associated Signalling
• CCS : Common Channel Signalling
• DTMF : Dual Tone Multi Frequency
• HDLC : High level Data Link Control
• LE : Local Exchange
• LTE : Line Termination Equipment
• MAX : Main Automatic Exchange
• ARC : AN-RAX Controller
• ARI : AN-RAX Interface
• MDF : Main Distribution Frame
• MMI : Man Machine Interface
• PSU : Power Supply Unit
• RTC : RAX Terminal Tes Controller
• PCM : Pulse Code Modulation
• POTS : Plain Old Telephone Services
• PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network
• AN-RAX : Access Network - RAX
• RSU : Remote Switch Unit