PEMANFAATAN DATA SOUNDING DAPAT

DIGUNAKAN UNTUK ANALISIS AWAN CB

DAN THUNDERSTORM, DISAMPING ITU
INDEKS DARI DATA RASON DIKENAL
JUGA DENGAN SEBUTAN PARAMETER
KONVEKTIF
PARAMETER KONVEKTIF ANTARA LAIN :
- SI
- LI
- TOTA INDEKX
- K INDEK
- SWEAT
- DSB…..
BANYAK SEKALI RUMUSAN PARAMTER KONVEKTIF YG
DPT DIMANFAATKAN UTK KEPERLUAN PREDIKSI SKALA
LOKAL ATAU NOWCASTING
 What conditions
make the air unstable?
• Warming of surface air
– Solar heating of ground
– Warm “advection” near surface
– Air moving over a warm surface
(e.g., a warm body of water)

• Cooling of air aloft

– Cold “advection” aloft (thunder-snow!)
– Radiative cooling of air/clouds aloft
 What conditions
make the air stable?
• Radiative cooling of surface at night

• Advection of cold air near the surface

• Air moving over a cold surface (e.g., snow)

• Warming of the air due to compression from

subsidence (sinking)
PEMAHAMAN MELALUI SKEW T
 Stable and Unstable Air
Characteristic Stable Air Unstable Air

Lapse Rate Shallow Steep

Cloud Type Stratus Type Cumulus Type

Uniform Intensity
Precipitation Showers
including drizzle
Poor low level (Fog Good, except in
Visibility
may occur) precipitation
Steady winds which
Wind can change with Gusty
height
Generally smooth Turbulence may be
Turbulence
flying conditions moderate to severe
Static Stability Indices – CAPE and Vertical Velocity

maximum is seldom realized

due to entrainment and water
loading
 Bulk Richardson Number
Represents the ratio of buoyancy (as measured by CAPE)
and the vertical wind shear. As we have noted, CAPE
relates to updraft strength. Storm structure and movement
are related to the vertical wind shear.
 Bulk Richardson Number
• BRN < 10 ~ much more shear
than buoyancy and storms tend
to be torn apart by the shear
• exception: in strongly forced,
high-shear, low-CAPE
environments where supercells
are observed with BRN < 10
• 10 < BRN < 35 ~ balance
between shear and buoyancy
favor supercells
• BRN > 50 ~ buoyancy
dominates over shear and
single- or multi-cell storms are
more likely to be observed
S INDEKS
 Metode single station di daerah midlatitude
Sangat Tidak
Kategori Faktor Dominan Mendukung Mendukung Biasa Mendukung
pergerakan massa udara
lapisan bawah (konvergen,
front) Kuat Sedang Lemah tidak ada
2 x Sqrt(CAPE) + SR –
Inflow (Sqrt = akar
Inisialisasi /potensi Badai kuadrat) > 125kts 100 - 125 80 - 99 < 80
Kuat/Severe Strom 400 - 700mb > 30 20-29 19 < 12
Ketinggian lapisan beku
updraft atau lingkungan 11,500 - 14,000 - 16,000
Hail besar (AGL) < 11,000 ft 13,500 ft ft 17,000 ft
Ketebalan/intensitas - Kuat, meso - Sedang, - Meso
mesocyclone tebal meso tebal lemah/tipis - Tanpa meso
Depresi titik embun
(Dewpt) lapisan 500 – 700
mb (C) > 7.5 6.5-7.5 5.5-6.5 < 5.5
Lapse Rate lapisan 850 –
500 mb (C/km) > 25 -43 -30 - <12
Angin Yang Merusak
Sfc thetaE-lowest thetaE
pada lapisan 400 – 700 mb
(K) >6 4-6 3-4 <3
Perubahan tekanan
permukaan 3 jam (mb) > 15 10-15 5-10 <5
400 - 700 mb > 30 kts 20-29kts 10-19kts < 10 kts
Tornado Depresi titik embun
terendah lapisan 50 – 100 12-18F (6- 19-27F (10 -
mb < 11F (6C) 10C) 15C) >27F (15C)