CE

Continuing Education for

Barangay Nutrition Scholars
 MODULE 8
NUTRITION IN
ADOLESCENCE
 SESSIONS
1. Describing the Adolescents
2. Understanding the Nutritional and
Health Concerns of Adolescents
3. Meeting the Nutritional Needs of
Adolescents
 SESSION 1
DESCRIBING THE ADOLESCENTS
 OBJECTIVE

Discuss the characteristics of adolescents

 GROUP ACTIVITY

What do I remember about my adolescent

years?

Are the experiences of the adolescents

today and 10 or 20 years ago different?
 KEY POINTS

• Adolescence is the period in life when

an individual is no longer a child, but
not yet an adult (WHO)

• Second period of rapid growth

 KEY POINTS
• Onset of puberty “announces” an
important step on the road to adulthood

Puberty refers to the physiological changes

that occur in early adolescence resulting to
the development of sexual and reproductive
capacity
 KEY POINTS
Puberty among adolescents:
• Differences between boys and girls
are accentuated
• Appearance of axillary and pubic hair
• Occurs at an earlier age than it did in
previous generations
 KEY POINTS
They are not a homogenous group:
• They have biological differences in growth
and development
 Population of Adolescents

 There are more than 1.1 billion adolescents

worldwide today
 One in every five people in the world is aged
between 10 and 19 years
 85% live in developing countries
 Population of Adolescents

 In the Philippines, 1/5 of the population are

15-24 years old
 By 2030, adolescent population is estimated
to reach 30 million
 KEY POINTS
• The adolescents represent the group that
would be the future parents of the next
generation of Filipinos.

• Adolescents are also considered as the

future labor force and human capital of the
country.
 THANK YOU!
Capacity Development for Local Government Units on
Nutrition Program Management and Basic Course for
Barangay Nutrition Scholars in Priority One and Priority
Two Areas
All rights reserved. 2012
 SESSION 2
UNDERSTANDING THE
NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH
CONCERNS OF ADOLESCENTS
 OBJECTIVE

Identify the different nutritional and health

concerns of adolescents
 Adolescence is a
Critical Period…
 Rapid increase in physical growth and
development
 Socio-cultural factors or change of
lifestyle and food habits
 Increased nutrient requirements during
pregnancy and illness
 Adolescence is a
Critical Period…
 Second opportunity to catch up growth
 Psychological changes and
development of own personality
 Chance to correct nutritional problems
 FACTS
• Nutritional problems originating earlier in
life can potentially be corrected during
adolescence
• 17% of adolescents were underweight and
4.6% were overweight (DOST-FNRI NNS
2008)
 FACTS
• About 10% of males and 18% of female
adolescents were anemic
Consequences of
Overweight and Obesity

Source:
http://www.yunbootcam
ps.com/women%20fat.j
pg retrieved on May 19
2010
Consequences of
Overweight and Obesity

Source:
http://ozymandiaswarning
.com/wp-
content/uploads/2010/01/
obese_man-300x300.jpg
retrieved on May 25, 2010
Consequences of
Overweight and Obesity

Source:
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/
_eXgMFcBgG_g/Ro6iCHS
0rTI/AAAAAAAAA1E/cJH
2DkETlc/s400/262384576_
1ab73be77e_o.jpg
retrieved on May 25, 2010
Consequences of
Overweight and Obesity

Source:
http://news.sky.com/sk
ynews/content/StaticFil
e/jpg/2007/Sep/Week4/1
591363.jpg retrieved on
May 25, 2010
Consequences of
Overweight and Obesity

Source:
http://4.bp.blogspot.co
m/_E6nhiRDoUV8/S2J9
EBZT7UI/AAAAAAAAB
Ks/I_mBu7RYyFg/s400/
Jan+25+2010+Josh+asl
eep+in+hospital+bed.jp
g retrieved on 19 May
2010
 Nutritional Problems
of Adolescents
• Sexual and reproductive health problems
• Substance use and abuse
• Mental health problems
• Nutritional problems
• Endemic and chronic diseases
 Nutrition and Health Related Behavioral
Concerns of Adolescents

Skipping meals
Poor food choices
Poor snacking
behavior
Adherence/ practice
of fad diets
Substance use and
abuse
 Nutrition and Health Related Behavioral
Concerns of Adolescents

Reasons
Skipping meals  Waking up late
 Lack of appetite
Poor food choices  Choosing sleeping over
eating
Poor snacking  Spending more time on
behavior personal appearance
 Not wanting to eat alone
Adherence/ practice  Beliefs such as not eating
of fad diets breakfast would make them
thin
Substance use and  No one prepares breakfast at
abuse home
 Too tired to eat their breakfast
 Nutrition and Health Related Behavioral
Concerns of Adolescents

Skipping meals  Buying foods which are high

in fat, sugar or salt
Poor food choices  Fear of gaining weight
 Fear of eating certain foods
Poor snacking because it might cause
behavior pimples
 Belief that eating a packed
Adherence/ practice lunch is “baduy”
of fad diets  Giving less importance to food
 Trying to finish eating fast
Substance use and enough so as not to be late
abuse for class
 Nutrition and Health Related Behavioral
Concerns of Adolescents

Skipping meals
Poor food choices  Buying from fast foods
 Buying street foods
Poor snacking  Choosing soft drinks,
behavior chips, and sweets over
Adherence/ practice nutritious snacks
of fad diets
Substance use and
abuse
 Nutrition and Health Related Behavioral
Concerns of Adolescents

Skipping meals Fad diets are popular among

adolescents because:
Poor food choices  Adolescents like adventure
Poor snacking  These diets are usually seen
in television and magazines
behavior  Girls would try diets that help
them lose weight
Adherence/practice
 Boys would try diets that
of fad diets would make their muscles
grow bigger and stronger
Substance use and
abuse
 Nutrition and Health Related Behavioral
Concerns of Adolescents

Skipping meals  Fad diets are not

recommended because
Poor food choices these are not considered
healthy
Poor snacking
 “Yo-yo effect” of dieting
behavior some do not eat their
regular meals
Adherence/practice • Adolescents become thin and
of fad diets sickly without the right kind
and amount of nutrients
Substance use and • Weight gain will push the
adolescent to go on a diet
abuse again
 Nutrition and Health Related Behavioral
Concerns of Adolescents

Skipping meals
Poor food choices
Poor snacking
behavior
Adherence/ practice
of fad diets
 Smoking
Substance use
 Alcohol
and abuse
 Drugs
GROUP ACTIVITY

Paint Me a Picture
It is a challenge to work on
improving the health and
nutritional status of
adolescents!
 THANK YOU!
Capacity Development for Local Government Units on
Nutrition Program Management and Basic Course for
Barangay Nutrition Scholars in Priority One and Priority
Two Areas
All rights reserved. 2012
 SESSION 3
MEETING THE NUTRITIONAL
NEEDS
OF ADOLESCENTS
 OBJECTIVE
1. Discuss the recommendations on how to
address nutritional and health problems
among adolescents
2. Enumerate interventions to break the
cycle of malnutrition among adolescents
3. Explain the roles of BNS in caring for
adolescents
 KEY POINTS
 It is important to give adolescents
additional nutrients for growth and
development
 The nutritional needs of boys and
girls differ
 KEY POINTS
 Objectives of meeting the nutrient
needs of adolescents:
 Provide the necessary nutrients
 Provide adequate stores for illness
or pregnancy
 Prevent adult onset of diseases
 Encourage healthy eating habits
and lifestyle
 KEY POINTS
 The recommended nutrients are:
Energy (in terms of calories)
Minerals
 Iron
• needed due to the increased blood
volume and muscle mass during
growth and development
 KEY POINTS
 Calcium
• needs to be supplied to the body because
about 45% of the skeletal mass is formed
during adolescence
• must be derived from the diet
• Vitamin D, phosphorous and magnesium
work together with calcium
 KEY POINTS
 Calcium
• largest calcium gains are made in early
adolescence, between 10-14 years in girls
and 12-16 years in boys
 KEY POINTS
 Zinc
• essential for growth and sexual
maturation during puberty
 Iodine
• important because of the high growth
velocity and the increased iodine
requirements during pregnancy
 KEY POINTS
 Vitamins
 B Vitamins
• Necessary for conversion of energy
from carbohydrates
 Folic Acid and B12
• Growth and sexual maturation
 KEY POINTS
 Vitamins
 Vitamin D
• Skeletal growth
 Vitamins A, C, E
• Cell growth
Figure 7.1. Daily Nutritional Guide
Pyramid for Children 13-19 years
Old
Source: FNRI-DOST, 2000
 Daily Food Guide for Adolescence
Recommendations
FOOD GROUPS
13- 15 years 16-19 years
Rice and Rice and others* 6-7 cups, cooked 6 ½ - 8 cups,
Alternatives cooked

Meat and Fish/Meat/Poultry 2 ½ serving 2 ½ servings

Alternatives /Dried Beans/
Nuts**
Egg 1 medium size, 1 medium size,
3-4 x a week 3-4 x a week
Whole Milk*** 1 glass 1 glass

Water and 6-8 glasses 6-8 glasses

Beverages (240 ml each) (240 ml each)
 Daily Food Guide for Adolescence
Recommendations
FOOD GROUPS
13- 15 years 16-19 years

Vegetables Green, leafy and ¾ cup, cooked ¾ cup, cooked

yellow

Others ¾ cup, cooked ¾ cup, cooked

Fruits Vitamin C rich 2 servings 2 servings

Others 1 servings 1 servings

Fats and oils 6-8 teaspoons 6-8 teaspoons

Sugar 5-6 teaspoons 5-6 teaspoons

 Daily Food Guide for Adolescence
*1 serving of rice or alternatives = 1cup rice, cooked, or 4 pcs. pandesal
(about 17 g each), or 1 cup macaroni or spaghetti, cooked or 1 pack
instant noodles, 1 small size root crop, 180g

**1 serving of fish = 2 pcs (55-60 g each), about 16 cm long fish; 1

serving of meat/ poultry = 30 g lean meat, cooked, or 1 ½ cups cooked
dried beans, preferably taken at least 3 times a week

***1 glass whole milk (240 ml) is equivalent to 4Tbsp powdered whole
milk or ½ cup evaporated milk diluted in 1 glass water

Source: FNRI-DOST, 2000

Improving the attitude of
adolescents towards food
 Ways to prevent skipping meals

1. Parents should remind their children:

• to make time for a good meal
• that skipping breakfast will not make them
lose weight
• eating a good breakfast will make them feel
full for a longer period of time
• sleeping early to help them wake up early
 Improving the attitude of
adolescents towards food:
• Prepare breakfast and make sure
that they eat before leaving
• Try to eat together as a family
• When eating breakfast is not
possible, prepare a baon that
he/she can eat on his/her way to
school or before classes start
 Improving the attitude of
adolescents towards food:
2. Make sure that the adolescent is eating
nutritious meals
• Encourage family members to eat a
variety of foods every day
• Follow the Guide to Good Nutrition
 Improving the attitude of
adolescents towards food:
• Choose a diet that has:
 plenty of grain products;
 low in fat and cholesterol;
 moderate in sugars and salt; and
 enough calcium and iron to meet growth
needs
 Improving the attitude of
adolescents towards food:
• Buy only nutritious snack food
items
• Eat breakfast that is high in
complex carbohydrates
• Remind children to make
wise choices of food
• Encourage adolescents to
bring packed meals
 Improving the attitude of
adolescents towards food:
• When eating out, choose foods carefully
• Prepare and serve nutritious foods at
home
• Teach adolescents the negative
consequences of fad diets
 Pregnant Adolescents

 Pregnancy at the adolescent

stage:
• poses a major health and nutrition
risk for the adolescent girl and child
• physiological, social and intellectual
development is disrupted
 Pregnant Adolescents

 Pregnancy at the adolescent

stage:
• often the cause of malnutrition not
only in the mother but also in the
infant
• regular monitoring of iron status and
use of iron supplements are
recommended
 THANK YOU!
Capacity Development for Local Government Units on
Nutrition Program Management and Basic Course for
Barangay Nutrition Scholars in Priority One and Priority
Two Areas
All rights reserved. 2012