Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Process
Jose Roy S. Aguilar
Head Teacher V
Bato Rural Development HS
The High School Method:
Pick a Topic
Find Resources in the Library
Prepare an Outline
Write a Brilliant Essay
BORING!!
So How Do We Get
From This:
To This:
We Need a Science Research Process
Identify
Formulate
Plan
Conduct
Process
Evaluate
Identify a Research Problem
1) What are the possible sources of ideas when you scout for a
problem?
Categories:
People
Places
Things
2) How will you identify the problem?
Consulting, interviewing or observing people
Visiting facilities and places
Reading materials
Observing things
Guidelines
Your interests and abilities
Availability of the materials needed for investigation
Particular needs of the community
Socio-economic significance of the problem
Topic is within your level of knowledge and experience
The time element required to finish the project
Safety measures to be undertaken during investigation
Expenses involved in undertaking the project
Generation of new information
Formulate a Research Problem
What do you really want to know about the
identified topic?
What are your aims/objectives in pursuing
the research problem?
What is the scope and limitation of your
study?
What are the variables or factors that you
have to consider in the study?
Things to Consider in Stating
the Problem
Clarity
Organization
Specificity
Well-defined Scope
Conciseness
Measurability
Significance of the Research Problem
Help answer a problem/need of the
people/community/country
Contribute to the generation of new
information
Develop or improve an existing process,
and
Contribute to the development of your
scientific skills
Formulating the Hypothesis
The tentative answer
to the research
question must be:
Relevant
Testable
Specific
Stated properly
Three Ways of Stating the Hypothesis
NULL FORM
states that there is no significant difference between
the results of two conditions being tested
ALTERNATIVE FORM
states that there is a significance difference between
the results of two conditions being tested
CAUSE & EFFECT STATEMENT
states that if a certain condition (cause) is true, then
a supporting observation (effect) occurs
Planning the Research Design
How do you begin
your research?
Where and when do
you begin?
“Everything should be
made simpler but not
simple!”
Albert Einstein
Two Phases in Planning the Research Design
Theoretical Phase
conceptualization of an experimental design
Actual Experiment Phase
doing the experiments
observing and collecting data
consolidating and analyzing data
drawing conclusive statements and
recommendations
Experimental Design
Guidelines
What was the purpose of the research?
What were the major findings of the investigation?
Was the hypothesis supported by data?
What can be an explanation for the results?
What is the importance of the experimental results?
What recommendations for further study and for
improving the experiment can be made?
Remember that a conclusion is based on
findings and recommendations are based
on conclusion.
Writing the Abstract
“Give me a bird’s eye-view of what you have
done.”
A short paragraph of not more than 200-250
words.
It gives the essential features of the research.
problem
samples
experimental design
procedures
conclusions
recommendations
Most Important:
The research process is not linear:
You may have to go back and repeat certain
stages because…
Research is a Process of Discovery!
Thank you for listening.
Good day everyone!