Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ORGANIZATION WITH
POLICE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
By:
3. Prevention of crime
5. Apprehension of criminals
A – Assigned
T – To
R – Restore
O – Order in the
L – Locality
PATROL THEORIES AND METHODS
B. Patrol Methods
Patrol methods are various means of getting from one
place to another within a specified patrol jurisdiction. Various
methods of patrol are not intended to isolate the patrol officer
from the people he vowed to serve and protect.
Patrol effort made by the police may be in the form of
any or combination of the following:
1. Beat Patrol
a. Foot Patrol
b. Sector Patrol
2. Sector Patrol ( Motorized Patrol )
a. Automobile Patrol
b. Motorcycle Patrol
c. Aircraft Patrol ( Helicopter and Fixed Wing )
3. Specialized Patrol Methods
a. Horse (Mounted) Patrol
b. Marine (Water) Patrol
c. Canine (K-9) Assisted Patrol
d. Special Terrain Patrol
FOOT PATROL
Foot Patrol is restricted to small areas and is used to
deal with special situations while maintaining contact
with officers in patrol cars. Foot patrol is used to secure
Two Types of police geographical units;
1. Post – a fixed position or location where an officer is
assigned for guard duty.
2. Beat – the smallest area specifically assigned for
patrol purposes.
FOOT PATROL
Types of Foot Patrol
1. Fixed Foot Patrol – is usually used for traffic,
surveillance, parades and special events.
2. Mobile Foot Patrol – is used where there is
considerable foot movement such as patrolling
business and shopping centers, high crime areas, and
in places where there are many or multiple family
dwellings.
a. Line Beat Patrol is used in securing a certain
portion of a road or beat.
b. Random Foot Patrol is used in checking residential
buildings, business establishments, dark alleys,
and parking lots.
FOOT PATROL
What are the factors to be considered in
determining the size of the beat?
1. Area to be patrolled;
AUTOMOBILE PATROL
The patrol car is the most extensively used and the most
effective means of transportation for police on patrol.
Equipped with state – of – the – art police gear, patrol cars
today provide a rapid, safe, and efficient means of
transportation under average operating conditions.
Automobile patrol has the greatest mobility and flexibility.
Most experts on patrol operation agree that it is the most cost
– effective method of patrol.
FOOT PATROL
Advantages of Automobile Patrol
1. High mobility allowing coverage of greater area.
2. Quicker response time to complaints. Greater efficiency
in responding to emergency calls and other called – for
services.
3. More economical as compared to foot patrol.
4. Enable more effective street pursuit of offenders.
5. Enable more effective traffic enforcement.
6. Provide an element of surprise, especially when crime
is in progress.
7. Provide the officers with necessary protection during
inclement weather.
8. Enable officers to carry supplementary equipment
essential in patrolling.
FOOT PATROL
Disadvantages of Automobile Patrol
1. Diminished personal contact with the public.
POSTAL SERVICES
Different societies have devised systems for transporting messages
from place to place and from person to person. The earliest were
courier-type services whereby messengers carried memorized or
written messages from one person to another, and returned with the
reply. The Persian and Roman empires and some Asian societies sent
couriers regularly along planned routes to retrieve reliable and
timely information about trade and military affairs from distant
areas.
EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATIONS
THE TELEGRAPHY
The first truly electronic medium was the telegraph, which
sent and received electrical signals over long-distance wires.
THE TELEPHONE
In 1876, Scottish-born American inventor Alexander Graham
Bell was the first to patent and produce a telephone. His patent was
titled improvement in Telegraphy, and contained the design of a
device that would transmit the human voice over wires instead of
electrical clicks or other signals, like the telegraph. Originally, Bell
thought that the telephone would be used to transmit musical
concerts, lectures, or sermons. The American inventor Elisha Gray
filed an intention to patent at the same time, but after many court
battles, Bell was given the rights to the invention.
THE RADIO
The telegraph and telephone were systems for distance
communication that sent electrical signals through wires. The
earliest system for sending electrical signals through the air via
electromagnetic waves was called wireless, and later radio. Radio
technology was based on the discoveries of James Clark Maxwell.
EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATIONS
THE TELEVISION (TV)
Two pioneers independently created the first workable
television systems – American inventor Philo T. Farnsworth and
Russian – born American engineer Vladimir K. Zworykin.
Farnsworth used an electronic camera he called an image dissector
to transmit a picture of a dollar sign in 1927. He patented aspects
of his system, and developed his television, further in the 1930s,
but lost his financial backing when World War II (1939-1945)
began.
THE COMPUTERS
The earliest computers were machines built to make
repetitive numerical calculations that had previously been done by
hand. By the 1890s, calculating machines were used to tabulate
the US Census with a punched-card system invented by Herman
Hollerith. Electromechanical calculators were being built by the
1930s, especially by a new company called the International
Business Machines Company (IBM). The first truly electronic
memory and processors were built by John Vincent Atansoft in
1939 at the Iowa State College, and the first fully functioning
electronic computers, a series of ten called Colossus, were built by
the British Secret Service during World War II to help them crack
the Germans’ secret military codes.
EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATIONS
MOBILE PHONE
This is a very recent mode of communication which
is already utilized by private and commercial entities.
The Police and the Military are also using this as one of
the major alternatives of communication.
2. Elimination of errors
6. Conservation of equipment
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS
Basic qualifications of a radio dispatcher or operator
1. ability to speak clearly and distinctly at all times
2. ability to reduce rambling and disconnected material into
concise and accurate messages
3. ability to think and act promptly in emergencies
4. ability to analyze the situation accurately and to take an
effective course of action
5. thorough understanding of the capacities of the
communication system
6. adequate understanding of the technical operation of his
system to allow intelligent reporting of equipment failures
7. Physical and mental ability to work effectively under all
conditions encountered
8. Knowledge of the rules and regulations applying to
dispatcher’s responsibilities
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS
Voice Qualities of effective Radio dispatcher- the
three characteristics of a person’s voice are:
1. Loudness or Volume- depends on the size of the
human voice box
2. Pitch or Voice Frequency- the level of the voice
which depends on the number of cycles per second
emitted by the speaker (high pitched is not pleasant
and clear in talking through a mike)
3. Timbre- the quality of a speech sound that comes
from its tone rather than its pitch or volume
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS
Voice requirements of effective radio dispatcher
1. Alert- give impression of alertness, being enthusiastic
and interested in the person calling
2. Pleasant – create a pleasant office image with voice
with a smile since pleasantness is contagious
3. Natural-use simple straightforward language; avoid
repetition of mechanical words or phrases; avoid
technical terms and slang
4. Distinct – speak clearly and distinctly; move the lips,
tongue and jaw freely; talk directly to the telephone
5. Expressive – a well modulated voice carries best over
the mike; use normal tone of voice; not too loud not too
soft; vary the tones to bring out the meaning of
sentences and add color and vitality to what to say.
ORAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
In security work, oral and written communication refers
to the means used in communication. This can be a
telephone, teletype, radio, TV, facsimile and internet. Choice
of channel depends on the type of messages or information to
be sent but, by and large, the operator are fixed or pre-set for
use by technical personnel.
WALKIE – TALKIES
The slang term for the two-way radio systems developed
by Motorola in the 1930s designed for home and police radios.
Today, it is known as two-way hand held radio (HHR) or
radio transceiver.
Features and Advantages of Walkie-talkies:
1. Portable and easy to operate;
2. The foot patrolman can both send and receive messages
quite easily; and
3. Enables patrol officers to call for immediate assistance.
ORAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
TYPICAL RADIO TRANSCIEVER
1. To communicate between two points, there should be a
station transmitter and receiver must be of the same
frequency to communicate.
2. If the two transmitter and the two transceivers of the
two stations are operating on the same frequency, it is
referred to as “simplex operation”.
3. If the transmitters are using different frequencies this
is referred to as “duplex operation”. As can be seen, in
duplex operation, the two stations can talk at the same
time without interruption, unlike that of simplex.
POLICE RADIO (AND TELEPHONE)
LANGUAGE
The following are keys terms that help you understand and observe proper radio
and telephone procedures:
TRANSMISSION : A communication (formal message) sent by one police unit
and intended for reception by another police unit.
ANSWER OR FEEDBACK : A transmission made by a station called in
response to the call received.
CALL SIGN : A call sign is a word, or a combination of words, intended for
transmission by voice means and it identifies the command, unit, or authority
of the radio station.
NET CALL SIGN : The collective call sign that represents all the radio stations
operating together on a particular radio net.
NET CONTROL STATION : A radio station appointed by higher authority to
direct and control the operation and flow of all traffic handled on the radio net.
PROWORD : A pronounceable word or phrase that has been assigned a
meaning to speed up message handling on radio nets that use radio and
telephone.
ABBREVIATED PLAINDRESS MESSAGE : A message that has certain
elements of the message heading omitted for speed of handling. Anyone or all of
the following may be omitted: precedence, date, date-time group, and group
account.
RECEIPT : A communication sent by the receiving operator indicating that the
message or other transmission has been satisfactorily received.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT : A separate message originated by the addressee to
inform the originator that his message has been received and is understood.
RADIO VOICE PROCEDURE
1. The station calling should give its name first, then the
name of the station being called.
2. The base operator should keep proper logging of all
activities of the mobile units.
3. Operator must know all the stations in the net.
4. Courtesy should mention in order to have pleasant
atmosphere in the net. Never broadcast words that
indicate irritation, disgust or sarcasm. Relation with
other operations must remain cordial at all times.
5. Formal message for transmission should be recorded
and transmission should be recorded and transmitted
exactly as received.
6. If after calling a station or car twice no reply is
received, sign off the air. Then call again in about a
minute. Never fill the air incessant calls.
SOME TERMINOLOGIES IN RADIO
CONVERSATION
1. ROGER – Confirmed, Okay.
2. OVER – Statement is finished and expecting for an answer.
3. OVER & OUT – Message is finished, end of conversation.
4. LOUD & CLEAR – Good Reception.
5. COMING BY OR 5 BY 5 – Coming in clear or good
reception.
6. ALPHA COME BACK – Requesting for another
conversation.
7. ALPHA, BRAVO – Bravo is calling alpha for radio
communication.
8. DO YOU READ ME OR DID YOU COPY? – Do you
understand me?
9. BRAVO COME IN – The party who is calling is given
permission to relay his message.
10. CHARLIE – Asking whether message is correct
11. WHAT IS THE READABILITY OF MY SIGNAL? Asking
for clearness of the signal.
THE ABC’S OF RADIO TRANSMISSION
A. ACCURACY – It is the correctness and truthfulness of
what is being communicated. Inaccuracy oftentimes
causes miscommunication. The major cause of
inaccuracy is haste and impatience.
PHONETIC
LETTER EQUIVALENT
V VICTOR
W WHISKEY
X XRAY
Y YANKEE
Z ZULU
V VICTOR
W WHISKEY
X XRAY
Y YANKEE
Z ZULU
APCO TEN CODES
Ten-codes, properly known as ten signals, are
code words used to represent common phrases in voice
communication, particularly by law enforcement and in
Citizens' Band (CB) radio transmissions. The codes,
developed in 1937 and expanded in 1974 by the
Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-
International (APCO), allow for brevity and
standardization of message traffic. They have
historically been widely used by law enforcement
officers in North America, although some departments
have controversially attempted to prohibit their use.
APCO TEN CODES
Official Ten-Code List
Association of Public Communications Officers (APCO)
10-0 Caution
10-1 Unable to copy -- change location
10-2 Signal good
10-3 Stop transmitting
10-4 Acknowledgement (OK)
10-5 Relay
10-6 Busy -- stand by unless urgent
10-7 Out of service
10-8 In service
10-9 Repeat
10-10 Fight in progress
10-11 Dog case
10-12 Stand by (stop)
10-13 Weather -- road report
APCO TEN CODES
10-14 Prowler report
10-15 Civil disturbance
10-16 Domestic disturbance
10-17 Meet complainant
10-18 Quickly
10-19 Return to ...
10-20 Location
10-21 Call ... by telephone
10-22 Disregard
10-23 Arrived at scene
10-24 Assignment completed
10-25 Report in person (meet)..
10-26 Detaining subject, expedite
10-27 Drivers license information
10-28 Vehicle registration information
10-29 Check for wanted
10-30 Unnecessary use of radio
10-31 Crime in progress
10-32 Man with gun
10-33 Emergency
APCO TEN CODES
10-34 Riot
10-35 Major crime alert
10-36 Correct time
10-37 (Investigate) suspicious vehicle
10-38 Stopping suspicious vehicle
10-39 Urgent -- use light, siren
10-40 Silent run -- no light, siren
10-41 Beginning tour of duty
10-42 Ending tour of duty
10-43 Information
10-44 Permission to leave for ...
10-45 Animal carcass at ...
10-46 Assist motorist
10-47 Emergency road repairs at
10-48 Traffic standard repair at
10-49 Traffic light out at ...
10-50 Accident (fatal, personal injury, property damage)
10-51 Wrecker needed
APCO TEN CODES
10-52 Ambulance needed
10-53 Road blocked at ...
10-54 Livestock on highway
10-55 Suspected DUI
10-56 Intoxicated pedestrian
10-57 Hit and run (fatal, personal injury, property damage)
10-58 Direct traffic
10-59 Convoy or escort
10-60 Squad in vicinity
10-61 Isolate self for message
10-62 Reply to message
10-63 Prepare to make written copy
10-64 Message for local delivery
10-65 Net message assignment
10-66 Message cancellation
10-67 Clear for net message
10-68 Dispatch information
10-69 Message received
APCO TEN CODES
· 10-70 Fire
10-71 Advise nature of fire
10-72 Report progress on fire
10-73 Smoke report
10-74 Negative
10-75 In contact with ...
10-76 En route ...
10-77 ETA (estimated time of arrival)
10-78 Need assistance
10-79 Notify coroner
10-80 Chase in progress
10-81 Breathalyzer
10-82 Reserve lodging
10-83 Work school xing at ...
10-84 If meeting ... advise ETA
APCO TEN CODES
10-85 Delayed due to ...
10-86 Officer/operator on duty
10-87 Pick up/distribute checks
10-88 Present telephone number of ...
10-89 Bomb threat
10-90 Bank alarm at ...
10-91 Pick up prisoner/subject
10-92 Improperly parked vehicle
10-93 Blockade
10-94 Drag racing
10-95 Prisoner/subject in custody
10-96 Mental subject
10-97 Check (test) signal
10-98 Prison/jail break
10-99 Wanted/stolen indicated