DEVELOPMENT OF COLUMN

INTERACTION CURVES FOR

HIGHER GRADES OF
CONCRETE

INTERNAL GUIDE
Mr. Suneel Kumar M
Faculty of school of civil engineering
VIT University
 WHAT IS INTERACTION CURVE AND WHY WE NEED?

“_” POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF BANANA

AND ORANGES
WHY WE NEED?
• In case of column, “interaction diagram is a curve that shows the
possible combination of moment and axial load that cause failure to a
given cross section”.

NEED:
• To reduce iteration process of design of column.
• It gives an approximate idea about area of c/s required for the given
data without rigorous calculations in the initial design stages.
WHY INTERACTION CURVES ONLY FOR
COLUMN NOT MENTIONED FOR BEAM?

• BEAMS-which are basically flexure members and are always

subjected predominantly for bending moment only.

• Columns- needs a certain balancing consideration of these

two forces(axial force and bending moment) while designing
the capacity of a column section
CASE 1: AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN
Load carrying capacity of column:
 Case 2: AXIAL+ UNIAXIAL BENDING MOMENT

When the neutral axis lies When the neutral axis lies
outside the within the
section section

**Using
stress block
parameters
**
CHARTS:
Rectangular sections –
a) for reinforcement on two
sides(*8 BARS) (Charts27 to 38)
and
b) reinforcement on four(*20
BARS)
sides (Charts 39 to 50)
Circular section-
Charts 51 to 62
• How this interaction curves(which are there in SP 16) are
developed(in detail)?
• How we need to develop interaction curves for higher grades
of concrete?
• Does other codes from(ACI,EUROCODE……) outside
country doesn’t have this ?
• If yes ,what is the procedure they adopted ,how we can differ
from that?
 WHAT IS COMPRESSION MEMBER?
• Predominantly subjected to axial compression (* λ=effective length /Least Lateral Dimension)

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON

MATERIAL TRANSVERSE SLENDERNESS EFFECTIVE

SHAPE &POSITION
LOADING STEEL RATIO LENGTH

λ>3 λ<3
1.Square column 1.STANCHION
–made of steel 1.Axially loaded 1.Column 1.λ≤12 -
2.Rectangluar
2.POST –Wood column with lateral SHORT COLUMN
3.Circluar ties-TIED
3.PILLAR – 2.Axial+uniaxial (CRUSHING)
4.Polygon
masonry bending COLUMN 2. λ >12 -
a)Hexagonal 2.Column
b)Octagonal
4.COLUMN 3.Axial+biaxial LONG COLUMN column pedestal
(buildings)& bending with helical (BUCKLING
PIERS(Bridges) reinforcement FAILURE)
-RCC -SPIRAL
5.STRUT- truss COLUMN
6.BOOM-crane
1.TRANSVERSE STEEL

*Good to use spiral column due to more confinement than tied column*(but sophisticated concreting is required)
2.DUE TO LOADING:
2.DUE TO LOADING:
1.All internal columns (C1a to
C1f) will be designed for axial
force only.

2. The side columns (C2a to

C2j) will have axial forces with
uniaxial bending moment

3. The four corner columns

(C3a to C3d) shall have axial
forces with bi-axial bending
moments.
*Assuming l1=l2=l3; b1=b2=b3
3.SLENDERNESS RATIO :
3.Slenderness ratio(λ):
• λ = effective length/radius of gyration (for homogenous material like steel)
= effective length/least lateral dimension (for non homogenous material like RCC)
MODES OF FAILURES OF COLUMNS:
Mode-1:(compression failure)
Column does not undergo
a)Lateral deformation
b)Collapse due to material failure

Mode-2:(combined compression and bending failure)

1.In case of short column(λ≤12):

Due to combined effect of
Axial load + moment causes material failure.

2.In case of long column (λ>12):-

slender column subjected to axial load only undergoes
deflection due to beam-column effect and may have
material failure under the combined action of
*TESTED : LOADED AXIALLY*
direct load and bending moment.
Mode-3: (Elastic instability or Buckling column occurs) [* THIS FAILURE MODE SHOULD BE AVOIDED*]
Before material reaches its yield stress (before using material’s full strength), even under small
loads buckling of column occurs.
To avoid mode 3 failure and secondary moments
or(p-delta effect)

Slenderness limits are

introduced

SLENDERNESS LIMITS:
1. Unsupported length(I)/least lateral dimension(d) ≤ 60
@having two end constraints
2. Unsupported length(I) ≤ 100b2/D @ having one end restraint only

( b=width in perpendicular direction, D=depth of c/s measured plane of cantilever )

3.emin (RECTANGLUAR SECTION)
=[unsupported length(l)/500]+D/30 OR 20mm which ever is greater (value is different for diff directions X and Y )
4. emin (Non-RECTANGLUAR SECTION) = unsupported length(l)/300 OR 20mm which ever is greater
 4.Effective length:( Le )
“ For a given plane of bending ,the length b/w the theoretical points of inflection in the
buckled configuration of the column in that plane”.
Le=kl
UNSUPPORTED LENGTH(l):
• “clear distance b/w the floor and the shallower depth beam framing in to column in each
direction at the next higher floor level”.
• Unsupported length in one direction different from perpendicular direction.
Effective length factor or ratio(K):
Concrete:

As per code recommendations ,

1.Maximum compressive stress is taken as 0.67 fck. (for both compression and flexural member also).
2. Failure strain of concrete:
=0.002@ direct compression
=0.0035@ under flexure.
WHY REDUCED TO VALUE fck to 0.67 fck ONLY?(Ans: written in notes)
Steel:
 COLUMN

SHORT
COLUMN LONG COLUMN

COMBINED COMBINED
AXIALLY
AXIAL AND AXIAL AND
LOADED
UNIAXIAL BIAXIAL
COLUMN
BENDING BENDING
COMBINED COMBINED
AXIALLY AXIAL AND AXIAL AND
LOADED UNIAXIAL BIAXIAL
COLUMN BENDING BENDING
AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN