e ves

Fecal
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1
Elimination
 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

0 FECES or STOOL – the

excreted waste product
from the digestion from
the body.
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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 It extends from the
ileocecal valve to the anus.
0 It has a size of 125 to 150
cm long in a normal adult.

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 It has seven parts: cecum,
ascending, transverse,
descending, sigmoid
rectum, and anus

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 It is a muscular tube lined
with mucous membrane.
0The muscle fibers are both
circular and longitudinal.

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 HAUSTRA – formed
because longitudinal
muscles are shorter than
the colon.

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 MAIN FUNCTIONS:
0 absorption of water and
nutrients
0 mucal protection of
intestinal walls
0 fecal elimination
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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 INGESTION – the act of
taking food
0 CHYME – the waste
products leaving the stomach
through the ileocecal valve
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 CHYME

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 INGESTION – the act of
taking food
0 CHYME – the waste
products leaving the stomach
through the ileocecal valve
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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 It also transport along its
lumen the products of
digestion. The products
are flatus and feces.

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 FLATUS – is largely air
and the by-products of the
digestion and
carbohydrates.

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 3 MOVEMENTS IN L.I.
0 Haustral Churning

0 Colon Peristalsis
0 Mass Peristalsis

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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 HAUSTRAL CHURNING –
movement of chyme back and
forth within the haustra. Aids
in the absorption of H2O and
moves the contents to the next
haustra.
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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 PERISTALSIS – wavelike
mvmt. Produced by circular
and longitudinal muscle fibers
of the intestinal walls; it
propels the intestinal contents
forward.
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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 COLON PERISTALSIS –
very sluggish and is tought
to move the chyme very
little along the large
intestines.
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 LARGE INTESTINE
0 MASS PERISTALSIS – wave of
powerful muscular contraction
that moves over large areas of
the colon. Occurs after eating,
stimulated by presence of food
in the stomach and s.i.
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 RECTUM
0 usually 10 – 15 cm long
0 folds that extend vertically
0 each of the folds has a vein and
an artery
0 fold help retain feces in rectum

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 ANAL CANAL
0 2.5 to 5 cm. long
0 bounded by internal and external
sphincter
0 internal sphincter – involuntary
control
0 external sphincter – voluntarily
controlled.
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 DEFECATION
0 expulsion of feces from
the anus to the rectum
0 also called bowel
movement

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 DEFECATION
Peristaltic waves
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Internal anal sphincter relax

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 DEFECATION
Anal Canal
External anal sphincter
relax
Expulsion of feces

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 DEFECATION
0 assisted by
contraction of abd.
Muscles and
diaphragm
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 DEFECATION
0 facilitated by:
0Thigh flexion - pressure in
abdomen
0 Sitting Position - downward
pressure on the rectum
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 FECES
0 75% H2O, 25% solid
0 normally brown, due to
the presence of stercobilin
and urobilin

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 FECES
0 because of bacteria e.
Coli, and staphylococci.
0 has normally 7 to 10L of
gas for 24 hrs. Has co2,
methane, H+, o2, and N.
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 FECES
0 Normal
0 Color – yellow / golden brown
0 odor – aromatic
0 consistency – soft/ formed
0 shape – cylindrical
0 frequency – 1-2/day to 2-3 days
0Amount – 150 – 300 g/ day
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 FECES
0 Alterations
0 Alcoholic – gray, pale, clay-colored stool
0 Hematochezia – stool with bright red
blood
0 Melena – black tarry stool
0 Stetorrhea – grasy, bulky, foul, smelling
stools

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